Sadarwar Kwatankwacin (Quantum Communication) ita ce babban ɓangaren fasahar bayanai ta Kwatankwacin (Quantum Information Technology). Tana da fa'idodin sirri, babban ƙarfin sadarwa, saurin watsawa da sauri, da sauransu. Tana iya kammala takamaiman ayyukan da sadarwa ta gargajiya ba za ta iya cimmawa ba. Sadarwar Kwatankwacin (Quantum Communication) na iya amfani da tsarin maɓallan sirri, wanda ba za a iya fahimta ba don fahimtar ainihin ma'anar sadarwa mai aminci, don haka sadarwa ta Kwatankwacin (Quantum Communication) ta zama kan gaba a kimiyya da fasaha a duniya. Sadarwar Kwatankwacin (Quantum Communication) tana amfani da yanayin Kwatankwacin a matsayin wani ɓangare na bayanai don cimma ingantaccen watsa bayanai. Wani juyin juya hali ne a tarihin sadarwa bayan sadarwa ta waya da ta gani.
Babban sassan sadarwa na kwantum:
Rarraba maɓallan sirri na ƙirar kwamfuta:
Ba a amfani da rarraba maɓallan sirri na Quantum don aika abubuwan sirri ba. Duk da haka, ana amfani da shi ne don kafa da kuma isar da littafin sirri, wato, a sanya maɓallan sirri ga ɓangarorin biyu na sadarwa ta sirri, wanda aka fi sani da sadarwa ta quantum cryptography.
A shekarar 1984, Bennett na Amurka da brassart na Kanada sun gabatar da yarjejeniyar BB84, wacce ke amfani da ƙananan bits a matsayin masu ɗaukar bayanai don ƙirƙirar yanayin kwantum ta hanyar amfani da halayen polarization na haske don cimma samarwa da kuma rarraba maɓallan sirri lafiya. A shekarar 1992, Bennett ya gabatar da yarjejeniyar B92 bisa ga yanayin kwantum guda biyu marasa orthogonal tare da sauƙin kwarara da rabi inganci. Duk waɗannan tsare-tsaren sun dogara ne akan ɗaya ko fiye na yanayin kwantum guda ɗaya na orthogonal da nonorthogonal. A ƙarshe, a shekarar 1991, Ekert na Burtaniya ya gabatar da shawarar E91 bisa ga yanayin maɗaukaki na ɓangarorin biyu, wato ma'aunin EPR.
A shekarar 1998, an gabatar da wani tsarin sadarwa na kwantum mai jihohi shida don zaɓar polarization akan tushe guda uku masu haɗin gwiwa waɗanda suka ƙunshi yanayin polarization guda huɗu da juyawar hagu da ta dace a cikin yarjejeniyar BB84. An tabbatar da cewa yarjejeniyar BB84 hanya ce mai aminci ta rarrabawa, wacce ba a karya ta ba har zuwa yanzu. Ka'idar rashin tabbas na kwantum da rashin cloning na kwantum suna tabbatar da cikakken tsaronta. Saboda haka, yarjejeniyar EPR tana da mahimmancin ƙima a ka'ida. Tana haɗa yanayin kwantum mai ɗaurewa da sadarwa mai aminci kuma tana buɗe sabuwar hanya don sadarwa mai aminci ta kwantum.
Tashar sadarwa ta kwantum:
Ka'idar sadarwa ta kwantum da Bennett da sauran masana kimiyya suka gabatar a ƙasashe shida a shekarar 1993 ita ce hanyar sadarwa ta kwantum mai tsarki wadda ke amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta yanayin da aka haɗa da barbashi biyu don watsa yanayin kwantum da ba a sani ba, kuma nasarar sadarwa za ta kai kashi 100% [2].
A shekarar 199, ƙungiyar Zeilinger ta Austria ta kammala gwajin farko na ƙa'idar teleportation ta kwantum a dakin gwaje-gwaje. A cikin fina-finai da yawa, irin wannan labarin yakan bayyana: wani mutum mai ban mamaki ya ɓace ba zato ba tsammani a wuri ɗaya ya bayyana ba zato ba tsammani. Duk da haka, saboda teleportation ta kwantum ya karya ƙa'idar rashin cloning na kwantum da rashin tabbas na Heisenberg a cikin makanikan kwantum, kawai wani nau'i ne na almara na kimiyya a cikin sadarwa ta gargajiya.
Duk da haka, an gabatar da ra'ayi na musamman na haɗa kwantum cikin sadarwa ta kwantum, wanda ya raba bayanan yanayin kwantum da ba a sani ba na asali zuwa sassa biyu: bayanan kwantum da bayanan gargajiya, wanda ke sa wannan mu'ujiza mai ban mamaki ta faru. Bayanin kwantum shine bayanin da ba a cire shi ba a cikin tsarin aunawa, kuma bayanan gargajiya shine ma'aunin asali.
Ci gaba a fannin sadarwa ta kwantum:
Tun daga shekarar 1994, sadarwa ta kwantum ta shiga matakin gwaji a hankali kuma tana ci gaba zuwa ga manufar aiki, wacce ke da kyakkyawan darajar ci gaba da fa'idodin tattalin arziki. A shekarar 1997, pan Jianwei, wani matashin masanin kimiyyar kasar Sin, da kuma Bow Meister, wani masanin kimiyyar kasar Holland, sun gwada kuma sun gano yadda yanayin kwantum da ba a san shi ba ke yaduwa daga nesa.
A watan Afrilun 2004, Sorensen da abokan aikinsa sun cimma nasarar watsa bayanai na kilomita 1.45 tsakanin bankuna a karon farko ta hanyar amfani da rarraba bayanai na kwantum, wanda ke nuna sadarwa ta kwantum daga dakin gwaje-gwaje zuwa matakin aikace-aikace. A halin yanzu, fasahar sadarwa ta kwantum ta jawo hankali sosai daga gwamnatoci, masana'antu, da kuma cibiyoyin ilimi. Wasu shahararrun kamfanonin duniya suna kuma haɓaka tallata bayanai na kwantum, kamar Kamfanin Waya da Telegraph na Burtaniya, bell, IBM, dakunan gwaje-gwaje na at & T a Amurka, Kamfanin Toshiba a Japan, kamfanin Siemens a Jamus, da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin 2008, "aikin haɓaka hanyar sadarwa ta duniya mai tsaro bisa ga fasahar adana bayanai ta kwantum" na Tarayyar Turai ya kafa hanyar sadarwa mai tsaro mai lamba 7.
A shekarar 2010, mujallar Time ta Amurka ta ba da rahoton nasarar gwajin fasahar sadarwa ta kwantum mai tsawon kilomita 16 na kasar Sin a cikin ginshiƙin "labaran fashewa" mai taken "tsallakewar Kimiyyar Kwantum ta kasar Sin," wanda ke nuna cewa kasar Sin za ta iya kafa hanyar sadarwa ta kwantum tsakanin kasa da tauraron dan adam [3]. A shekarar 2010, Cibiyar Binciken Leken Asiri da Sadarwa ta Kasa ta Japan da Mitsubishi Electric da NEC, wadanda aka auna da ID na Switzerland, Toshiba Europe Limited, da kuma dukkan Vienna na Austria, sun kafa hanyar sadarwa ta kwantum mai lamba shida a birnin Tokyo. Cibiyar sadarwa ta mayar da hankali kan sabbin sakamakon bincike na cibiyoyin bincike da kamfanoni masu babban ci gaba a fasahar sadarwa ta kwantum a Japan da Turai.
Kamfanin Rofea Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. wanda ke cikin "Silicon Valley" na China - Beijing Zhongguancun, kamfani ne mai fasaha mai zurfi wanda aka keɓe don hidimar cibiyoyin bincike na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje, cibiyoyin bincike, jami'o'i da ma'aikatan bincike na kimiyya na kamfanoni. Kamfaninmu galibi yana cikin bincike da haɓakawa mai zaman kansa, ƙira, kerawa, sayar da samfuran optoelectronic, kuma yana ba da mafita masu ƙirƙira da ayyuka na ƙwararru, na musamman ga masu bincike na kimiyya da injiniyoyin masana'antu. Bayan shekaru na ƙirƙira mai zaman kansa, ya ƙirƙiri jerin kayayyaki masu wadata da cikakke na photoelectric, waɗanda ake amfani da su sosai a cikin birane, sojoji, sufuri, wutar lantarki, kuɗi, ilimi, likitanci da sauran masana'antu.
Muna fatan yin aiki tare da ku!
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-05-2023