Tsarin kayan aikin Photonic hadedde da'ira (PIC)

Tsarin kayan aikin Photonic hadedde da'ira (PIC)

Silicon photonics wani fanni ne da ke amfani da tsarin planar bisa kayan silicon don isar da haske don cimma ayyuka daban-daban. Anan mun mayar da hankali kan amfani da silicon photonics wajen ƙirƙirar masu watsawa da masu karɓa don sadarwa ta fiber optic. Yayin da buƙatar ƙara ƙarin watsawa a wani bandwidth da aka bayar, sawun ƙafa da aka bayar, da kuma farashi da aka bayar, silicon photonics ya zama mafi inganci a fannin tattalin arziki. Ga ɓangaren gani,fasahar haɗakar photonicdole ne a yi amfani da shi, kuma yawancin na'urorin watsawa masu haɗin gwiwa a yau an gina su ta amfani da na'urorin daidaita haske na LiNbO3/planar (PLC) daban-daban da masu karɓar InP/PLC.

Hoto na 1: Yana nuna tsarin kayan aikin photonic integrated da'irar (PIC) da aka saba amfani da su.

Siffa ta 1 ta nuna tsarin kayan PIC mafi shahara. Daga hagu zuwa dama akwai silica PIC mai tushen silicon (wanda kuma aka sani da PLC), insulator mai tushen silicon PIC (silicon photonics), lithium niobate (LiNbO3), da rukunin PIC na III-V, kamar InP da GaAs. Wannan takarda ta mayar da hankali kan photonics mai tushen silicon. A cikinsilicon photonics, siginar haske galibi tana tafiya ne a cikin silicon, wanda ke da tazara ta band kai tsaye na volts na electron 1.12 (tare da tsawon zango na microns 1.1). Ana girma silicon a cikin nau'in lu'ulu'u masu tsarki a cikin tanderu sannan a yanka su zuwa wafers, waɗanda a yau yawanci diamita ne 300 mm. Ana haɗa saman wafer ɗin don samar da layin silica. Ɗaya daga cikin wafers ɗin ana jefa bam da atom ɗin hydrogen zuwa wani zurfin. Sannan ana haɗa wafers ɗin biyu a cikin injin tsabtace iska kuma yadudduka na oxide ɗinsu suna haɗuwa da juna. Tarin ya karye tare da layin dasa hydrogen ion. Sannan ana goge layin silicon a fashewar, daga ƙarshe yana barin siririn Layer na crystalline Si a saman wafer ɗin silicon "rike" da ke saman layin silica. Ana samar da waveguides daga wannan siririn Layer na crystalline. Duk da yake waɗannan wafers ɗin da ke tushen silicon (SOI) suna sa masu amfani da waveguides na silicon photonics masu ƙarancin asara su yiwu, a zahiri ana amfani da su sosai a cikin da'irori masu ƙarancin ƙarfi na CMOS saboda ƙarancin kwararar iska da suke bayarwa.

Akwai nau'ikan jagororin hasken rana da yawa da ake iya amfani da su ta hanyar silicon, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 2. Sun kama daga jagororin hasken rana da aka yi da silica mai siffar microscale zuwa jagororin hasken rana na Silicon Wire na nanoscale. Ta hanyar haɗa germanium, yana yiwuwa a yimasu daukar hotoda kuma sha ta lantarkimasu daidaita, kuma wataƙila ma amplifiers na gani. Ta hanyar yin amfani da silicon, wanina'urar daidaita haskeza a iya yin sa. Ƙasa daga hagu zuwa dama sune: jagorar igiyar silicon, jagorar igiyar silicon nitride, jagorar igiyar silicon oxynitride, jagorar igiyar silicon ridge mai kauri, jagorar igiyar silicon nitride mai kauri da jagorar igiyar silicon mai doped. A sama, daga hagu zuwa dama, akwai masu daidaita yanayin ƙasa, masu gano germanium photodetectors, da germaniumamplifiers na gani.

Hoto na 2: Sashe na gaba na jerin jagorar hasken da aka yi da silicon, wanda ke nuna asarar yaduwa ta yau da kullun da kuma alamun haske.