Babban siraran fim mai haɗakar lithium niobate electro-optic modulator

Babban layi mai kyauna'urar sarrafa na'urar lantarki (electro-optical modulator)da kuma amfani da microwave photon
Tare da ƙaruwar buƙatun tsarin sadarwa, domin ƙara inganta ingancin watsa sigina, mutane za su haɗa photons da electrons don cimma fa'idodi masu dacewa, kuma za a haifi microwave photonics. Ana buƙatar na'urar daidaita wutar lantarki don canza wutar lantarki zuwa haske a cikinTsarin microwave photonic, kuma wannan muhimmin mataki yawanci yana ƙayyade aikin tsarin gaba ɗaya. Tunda sauya siginar mitar rediyo zuwa yankin gani tsari ne na siginar analog, kuma na yau da kullunmasu daidaita wutar lantarkisuna da rashin daidaituwa a cikin tsarin juyawa, akwai mummunar karkacewar sigina a cikin tsarin juyawa. Domin cimma daidaiton daidaiton layi, galibi ana sanya wurin aiki na mai daidaitawa a wurin bias na orthogonal, amma har yanzu ba zai iya cika buƙatun haɗin photon na microwave don layin modulator ba. Ana buƙatar masu daidaita electro-optic tare da babban layi cikin gaggawa.

Yawanci ana samun daidaitaccen ma'aunin refractive na kayan silicon ta hanyar tasirin watsawar plasma mai ɗaukar kaya kyauta (FCD). Duk tasirin FCD da tsarin PN ba su da layi, wanda hakan ke sa silicon modulator ya fi lithium niobate modulator ƙasa da layi. Kayan lithium niobate suna nuna kyakkyawan aiki.daidaitawar lantarkikaddarorinsu saboda tasirin Pucker. A lokaci guda, kayan lithium niobate suna da fa'idodin babban bandwidth, kyawawan halaye na daidaitawa, ƙarancin asara, sauƙin haɗawa da dacewa da tsarin semiconductor, amfani da siririn fim lithium niobate don yin babban aikin electro-optical modulator, idan aka kwatanta da silicon kusan babu "gajeren faranti", amma kuma don cimma babban layi. Siririn fim lithium niobate (LNOI) electro-optic modulator akan insulator ya zama alkibla mai kyau ta ci gaba. Tare da haɓaka fasahar shirya kayan lithium niobate na siririn fim da fasahar etching waveguide, ingantaccen canji mai girma da haɗin kai mafi girma na siririn fim lithium niobate electro-optic modulator ya zama fagen ilimi da masana'antu na duniya.

Halaye na lithium niobate na bakin ciki
A Amurka, shirin DAP AR ya yi wannan kimantawa game da kayan lithium niobate: idan aka sanya wa cibiyar juyin juya halin lantarki suna bayan kayan silicon da suka sa hakan ya yiwu, to za a sanya wa wurin da juyin juya halin photonics ya samo asali ne daga lithium niobate. Wannan saboda lithium niobate ya haɗa tasirin electro-optical, tasirin acousto-optical, tasirin piezoelectric, tasirin thermoelectric da tasirin photorefractive a cikin ɗaya, kamar kayan silicon a fannin gani.

Dangane da halayen watsawa ta gani, kayan InP suna da mafi girman asarar watsawa ta kan guntu saboda shaƙar haske a cikin band ɗin 1550nm da aka saba amfani da shi. SiO2 da silicon nitride suna da mafi kyawun halayen watsawa, kuma asarar na iya kaiwa matakin ~ 0.01dB/cm; A halin yanzu, asarar jagorar watsawa ta kan fim ɗin lithium niobate mai sirara na iya kaiwa matakin 0.03dB/cm, kuma asarar jagorar watsawa ta kan fim ɗin lithium niobate mai sirara yana da yuwuwar ƙara raguwa tare da ci gaba da inganta matakin fasaha a nan gaba. Saboda haka, kayan lithium niobate mai sirara na fim ɗin zai nuna kyakkyawan aiki ga tsarin haske mai wucewa kamar hanyar photosynthetic, shunt da microring.

Dangane da samar da haske, InP ne kawai ke da ikon fitar da haske kai tsaye; Saboda haka, don amfani da microwave photons, ya zama dole a gabatar da tushen haske na InP akan guntu mai haɗakar photonic na LNOI ta hanyar walda ko haɓakar epitaxial. Dangane da daidaitawar haske, an jaddada a sama cewa kayan lithium niobate na siriri sun fi sauƙi don cimma babban bandwidth na daidaitawa, ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na rabin-wave da ƙarancin asarar watsawa fiye da InP da Si. Bugu da ƙari, babban layi na daidaitawar electro-optical na kayan lithium niobate na siriri yana da mahimmanci ga duk aikace-aikacen microwave photon.

Dangane da hanyar sadarwa ta gani, amsawar lantarki mai sauri ta kayan lithium niobate mai siriri yana sa maɓallin haske mai haske na LNOI ya iya canza hanyar sadarwa ta gani mai sauri, kuma yawan amfani da irin wannan canjin mai sauri yana da ƙasa sosai. Don aikace-aikacen da aka saba amfani da shi na fasahar photon na microwave, guntu mai tsari mai haske wanda ke da ikon canza saurin sauri don biyan buƙatun duba haske mai sauri, kuma halayen amfani da wutar lantarki mai ƙarancin ƙarfi sun dace da ƙa'idodin tsarin tsari mai tsari mai girma. Kodayake maɓallin haske mai tushen InP kuma zai iya yin canjin hanyar gani mai sauri, zai gabatar da babban hayaniya, musamman lokacin da aka haɗa maɓallin haske mai matakai da yawa, ƙimar hayaniyar za ta lalace sosai. Kayan silicon, SiO2 da silicon nitride za su iya canza hanyoyin gani ne kawai ta hanyar tasirin zafi ko tasirin watsawa na mai ɗaukar kaya, wanda ke da rashin amfani da wutar lantarki mai yawa da saurin sauyawa a hankali. Lokacin da girman jerin jerin jerin abubuwan da aka tsara ya yi girma, ba zai iya biyan buƙatun amfani da wutar lantarki ba.

Dangane da ƙara girman gani, na'urar ƙara girman gani (optical amplifier)amplifier na gani na semiconductor (SOA) bisa ga InP ya kasance cikakke don amfanin kasuwanci, amma yana da rashin amfani da babban hayaniyar da ƙarancin ƙarfin fitarwa, wanda ba shi da amfani ga aikace-aikacen microwave photons. Tsarin haɓaka parametric na jagorar waveguide na lithium niobate mai sirara bisa ga kunnawa lokaci-lokaci da juyawa na iya cimma ƙarancin hayaniya da babban ƙarfin haɓaka haske na on-chip, wanda zai iya biyan buƙatun fasahar microwave photon mai haɗawa don haɓaka haske na on-chip.

Dangane da gano haske, lithium niobate mai siririn fim yana da kyawawan halaye na watsawa zuwa haske a cikin band 1550 nm. Ba za a iya cimma aikin canza photoelectric ba, don haka don aikace-aikacen microwave photon, don biyan buƙatun canza photoelectric akan guntu. Ana buƙatar a gabatar da na'urorin gano InGaAs ko Ge-Si akan kwakwalwan haɗin photonic na LNOI ta hanyar walda ko haɓakar epitaxial. Dangane da haɗawa da fiber na gani, saboda fiber na gani kanta kayan SiO2 ne, filin yanayin SiO2 waveguide yana da mafi girman matakin daidaitawa tare da filin yanayin fiber na gani, kuma haɗin shine mafi dacewa. Diamita filin yanayin jagorar raƙuman ruwa mai ƙarfi na lithium niobate mai siririn fim yana da kusan 1μm, wanda ya bambanta da filin yanayin fiber na gani, don haka dole ne a aiwatar da canjin tabo na yanayi don daidaita filin yanayin fiber na gani.

Dangane da haɗakarwa, ko kayan aiki daban-daban suna da babban ƙarfin haɗin kai ya dogara ne akan radius mai lanƙwasa na jagorar wave (wanda iyakancewar filin yanayin jagorar wave ya shafa). Jagorar wave mai ƙarfi tana ba da damar ƙaramin radius mai lanƙwasa, wanda ya fi dacewa da cimma babban haɗin kai. Saboda haka, jagororin wave na lithium niobate masu siriri suna da damar cimma babban haɗin kai. Saboda haka, bayyanar siririn fim na lithium niobate yana sa ya yiwu kayan lithium niobate su taka rawar gani na "silicon". Don amfani da microwave photons, fa'idodin siririn fim na lithium niobate sun fi bayyana.