Microwave optoelectronics, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, shine mahadar microwave daoptoelectronics.Microwaves da hasken hasken wutan lantarki ne, kuma mitoci da yawa umarni ne na girma daban-daban, kuma abubuwan da ke tattare da fasahar da aka samu a fannonin su daban-daban.A hade, za mu iya amfani da juna, amma za mu iya samun sababbin aikace-aikace da halaye da suke da wuya a gane bi da bi.
Sadarwar ganibabban misali ne na haɗin microwaves da photoelectrons.Farkon sadarwa na waya da telegraph, tsarawa, yadawa da karɓar sigina, duk na'urorin microwave da aka yi amfani da su.Ana amfani da ƙananan igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki da farko saboda kewayon mitar ƙarami ne kuma ƙarfin tashar don watsawa kadan ne.Maganin shine ƙara yawan siginar da aka watsa, mafi girman mita, mafi yawan albarkatun bakan.Amma babban siginar mitar a cikin asarar yaɗuwar iska yana da girma, amma kuma yana da sauƙin toshe shi ta hanyar cikas.Idan aka yi amfani da kebul ɗin, asarar kebul ɗin yana da girma, kuma watsawar nesa yana da matsala.Bayyanar sadarwar fiber na gani shine mafita mai kyau ga waɗannan matsalolin.Fiber na ganiyana da ƙananan asarar watsawa kuma shine kyakkyawan mai ɗaukar hoto don watsa sigina akan nisa mai nisa.Mitar igiyoyin haske sun fi na microwaves girma kuma suna iya watsa tashoshi daban-daban a lokaci guda.Saboda wadannan abũbuwan amfãni dagawatsawar gani, Sadarwar fiber na gani ya zama kashin bayan watsa bayanai a yau.
Sadarwar gani yana da dogon tarihi, bincike da aikace-aikace suna da yawa kuma sun balaga, a nan ba za a faɗi ƙarin ba.Wannan takarda ta fi gabatar da sabon abun ciki na bincike na optoelectronics microwave a cikin 'yan shekarun nan banda sadarwa ta gani.Microwave optoelectronics galibi yana amfani da hanyoyi da fasaha a fagen optoelectronics a matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto don haɓakawa da cimma aiki da aikace-aikacen da ke da wahala a cimma tare da abubuwan lantarki na lantarki na gargajiya.Ta fuskar aikace-aikacen, ya ƙunshi abubuwa uku masu zuwa.
Na farko shine amfani da optoelectronics don samar da babban aiki, siginar ƙaramar ƙararrawa na microwave, daga X-band har zuwa tashar THz.
Na biyu, sarrafa siginar microwave.Ciki har da jinkiri, tacewa, jujjuya mita, karba da sauransu.
Na uku, watsa siginar analog.
A cikin wannan labarin, marubucin kawai ya gabatar da sashin farko, ƙarni na siginar microwave.Iii_V microelectronic ginshiƙan igiyar ruwa na milimita na gargajiya yana haifar da shi.Iyakokinsa suna da maki masu zuwa: Na farko, zuwa manyan mitoci irin su 100GHz a sama, microelectronics na gargajiya na iya samar da ƙasa da ƙasa da ƙarfi, zuwa siginar THz mafi girma, ba za su iya yin komai ba.Na biyu, domin a rage hayaniyar lokaci da kuma inganta mitar kwanciyar hankali, na'urar ta asali tana buƙatar a sanya ta a cikin yanayi mara ƙarancin zafi.Na uku, yana da wahala a cimma faffadan jujjuyawar jujjuyawar mitar mitoci.Don magance waɗannan matsalolin, fasahar optoelectronic na iya taka rawa.An kwatanta manyan hanyoyin da ke ƙasa.
1. Ta hanyar bambance-bambancen mitar siginar laser mitar mitoci daban-daban, ana amfani da na'urar gano hoto mai girma don canza siginar microwave, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 1.
Hoto 1. Tsarin tsari na microwaves wanda aka samar ta hanyar bambancin mitar biyuLaser.
Fa'idodin wannan hanya shine tsari mai sauƙi, yana iya haifar da matsanancin mitar mitoci har ma da siginar mitar THz, kuma ta hanyar daidaita mitar laser na iya aiwatar da babban kewayon saurin saurin saurin mitar, share mita.Rashin hasara shi ne cewa layin layi ko amo na bambance-bambancen siginar siginar da siginar Laser guda biyu da ba su da alaƙa suna da girma sosai, kuma kwanciyar hankalin mitar ba ta da girma, musamman idan laser semiconductor tare da ƙaramin ƙara amma babban layin layi (~ MHz) amfani.Idan tsarin nauyin girman buƙatun ba su da girma, zaku iya amfani da ƙaramar amo (~ kHz) Laser mai ƙarfi,fiber Laser, kogon wajesemiconductor lasers, da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban guda biyu na siginar laser da aka samar a cikin rami ɗaya don samar da mitar bambanci, ta yadda aikin mitar microwave ya inganta sosai.
2. Don magance matsalar cewa lasers guda biyu a cikin hanyar da ta gabata ba su da daidaituwa kuma sautin lokacin siginar da aka haifar ya yi girma sosai, ana iya samun daidaituwa tsakanin lasers guda biyu ta hanyar kulle mitar lokaci na kullewa ko kuma lokacin mayar da martani mara kyau. kulle kewaye.Hoto 2 yana nuna aikace-aikacen da aka saba na kulle allura don samar da nau'in microwave (Hoto na 2).Ta hanyar shigar da sigina mai tsayi kai tsaye zuwa cikin laser semiconductor, ko ta amfani da na'urar daidaitawa lokaci-lokaci na LinBO3, ana iya samar da siginonin gani da yawa na mitoci daban-daban tare da tazarar mitar daidai, ko combs mitar gani.Tabbas, hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita don samun tambarin mitar gani mai faɗin bakan shine a yi amfani da laser kulle-kulle.Duk wani siginar comb guda biyu a cikin tsefewar mitar gani da aka samar ana zaɓar ta hanyar tacewa da allura cikin Laser 1 da 2 bi da bi don gane mita da kulle lokaci bi da bi.Saboda lokaci tsakanin siginar tsefe daban-daban na tsefewar mitar na gani yana da inganci, don haka yanayin dangi tsakanin lasers biyu ya tabbata, sannan ta hanyar hanyar mitar bambance-bambance kamar yadda aka bayyana a baya, siginar mitar mai ninkawa da yawa na microwave na Za'a iya samun ƙimar maimaitawa ta mitar gani.
Hoto 2. Tsarin tsari na sigina mai ninki biyu na microwave wanda aka samar ta hanyar kulle mitar allura.
Wata hanya don rage hayaniyar lokaci dangi na lasers guda biyu shine yin amfani da PLL na gani mara kyau, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 3.
Hoto 3. Tsarin tsari na OPL.
Ka'idar PLL na gani yayi kama da na PLL a fagen lantarki.Bambancin lokaci na lasers guda biyu yana canzawa zuwa siginar lantarki ta hanyar mai gano hoto (daidai da mai gano lokaci), sannan ana samun bambancin lokaci tsakanin lasers guda biyu ta hanyar yin mitar bambanci tare da tushen siginar microwave, wanda aka haɓaka. sannan a tace sannan a mayar da su zuwa ga na'urar sarrafa mitar daya daga cikin na'urorin (ga na'ura mai kwakwalwa, ita ce allurar halin yanzu).Ta hanyar irin wannan madauki na sarrafa martani mara kyau, yanayin mitar dangi tsakanin siginar laser guda biyu yana kulle zuwa siginar microwave.Ana iya watsa siginar haɗaɗɗun siginar gani ta hanyar fibers na gani zuwa na'urar gano hoto a wani wuri kuma a canza shi zuwa siginar microwave.Sakamakon lokaci amo na siginar microwave kusan iri ɗaya ne da na siginar tunani a cikin bandwidth na madauki mara kyau na kulle lokaci.Hayaniyar lokaci a waje da bandwidth daidai yake da hayaniyar lokaci na dangi na ainihin laser guda biyu marasa alaƙa.
Bugu da kari, ana iya jujjuya tushen siginar microwave ta hanyar wasu hanyoyin sigina ta hanyar ninki biyu, mitar rarrabawa, ko wasu sarrafa mitar, ta yadda ƙananan siginar microwave na iya ninka ninki biyu, ko jujjuya zuwa babban mitar RF, siginar THz.
Idan aka kwatanta da kulle mitar allura zai iya samun ninki biyu kawai, madaukai masu kulle lokaci sun fi sassauƙa, suna iya samar da mitoci kusan sabani, kuma ba shakka sun fi rikitarwa.Misali, ana amfani da tsefewar mitar na'urar da na'urar sarrafa hoto ta hoto ta 2 a matsayin tushen haske, kuma ana amfani da madauki na kulle-kulle don zaɓin kulle mitar na'urorin laser guda biyu zuwa siginar tsefe guda biyu, sannan a samar da shi. sigina mai girma ta hanyar mitar bambance-bambance, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto 4. f1 da f2 sune mitocin siginar siginar PLLS guda biyu, kuma ana iya samar da siginar microwave na N * frep + f1 + f2 ta hanyar mitar bambanci tsakanin biyu Laser.
Hoto 4. Tsarin tsari na samar da mitoci na sabani ta amfani da combs na mitar gani da PLLS.
3. Yi amfani da Laser na kulle-kulle don canza siginar bugun bugun gani zuwa siginar microwave ta hanyarmai daukar hoto.
Babban fa'idar wannan hanyar ita ce, ana iya samun sigina tare da ingantaccen mitar kwanciyar hankali da ƙarancin ƙarar lokaci.Ta hanyar kulle mitar na'urar zuwa mafi tsayin atomic da bakan miƙa mulki na kwayoyin halitta, ko madaidaicin fage na gani, da kuma amfani da mitar kawar da mitar sau biyu kai da sauran fasahohi, za mu iya samun ingantaccen siginar bugun jini tare da ingantaccen tsarin bugun jini. mitar maimaitawa sosai, don samun siginar microwave tare da amo mara ƙarancin lokaci.Hoto 5.
Hoto 5. Kwatanta hayaniyar lokaci na dangi na tushen sigina daban-daban.
Koyaya, saboda yawan maimaita bugun bugun jini ya yi daidai da tsayin rami na Laser, kuma na'urar kulle-kulle na gargajiya babba ce, yana da wahala a sami siginonin mitar microwave mai girma kai tsaye.Bugu da kari, girman, nauyi da makamashi amfani da na gargajiya pulsed Laser, kazalika da matsananci bukatun muhalli, iyakance su yafi dakin gwaje-gwaje aikace-aikace.Don shawo kan waɗannan matsalolin, kwanan nan an fara bincike a Amurka da Jamus ta yin amfani da abubuwan da ba su dace ba don samar da tsayayyen combs na gani a cikin ƙanƙanta, ingantattun ingantattun yanayin yanayin sautin murya, wanda hakan ke haifar da siginar ƙaramar ƙarar hayaniyar microwave.
4. opto lantarki oscillator, Hoto 6.
Hoto 6. Zane-zane na zane-zane na photoelectric hade oscillator.
Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin gargajiya na samar da microwaves ko lasers shine amfani da madaidaicin madaidaicin ra'ayin kai, idan dai riba a cikin rufaffiyar madauki ya fi asara, motsin kai mai jin dadi zai iya samar da microwaves ko lasers.Mafi girman ƙimar ingancin Q na rufaffiyar madauki, ƙaramin lokacin siginar da aka haifar ko ƙarar mita.Don haɓaka ƙimar ingancin madauki, hanyar kai tsaye ita ce ƙara tsayin madauki kuma rage asarar yaɗuwa.Koyaya, madauki mai tsayi yawanci yana iya tallafawa ƙirƙira nau'ikan oscillation da yawa, kuma idan an ƙara tace-bandwidth mai kunkuntar, za'a iya samun siginar ƙaramar ƙaramar amo ta microwave.Photoelectric hade oscillator shine tushen siginar microwave wanda ya dogara da wannan ra'ayin, yana yin cikakken amfani da ƙananan halayen asarar fiber na fiber, ta amfani da fiber mai tsayi don haɓaka ƙimar Q madauki, na iya samar da siginar microwave tare da ƙaramar ƙaramar lokaci.Tun lokacin da aka gabatar da hanyar a cikin 1990s, irin wannan nau'in oscillator ya sami babban bincike da ci gaba mai yawa, kuma a halin yanzu akwai na'urorin sarrafa hoto na kasuwanci.Kwanan nan, an ɓullo da oscillators na photoelectric waɗanda za a iya daidaita mitoci sama da fadi da yawa.Babban matsalar maɓuɓɓugar siginar microwave bisa wannan gine-ginen ita ce madauki yana da tsayi, kuma ƙarar da ke gudana ta kyauta (FSR) da mitar sa sau biyu za a ƙaru sosai.Bugu da ƙari, kayan aikin photoelectric da aka yi amfani da su sun fi yawa, farashi yana da yawa, ƙarar yana da wuyar ragewa, kuma mafi tsayin fiber ya fi damuwa da rikice-rikice na muhalli.
Abubuwan da ke sama a taƙaice suna gabatar da hanyoyi da yawa na ƙirar photoelectron na siginar microwave, da fa'idodi da rashin amfaninsu.A ƙarshe, yin amfani da photoelectrons don samar da microwave yana da wata fa'ida ita ce, ana iya rarraba siginar gani ta hanyar fiber na gani tare da ƙarancin asara, watsa nisa mai nisa zuwa kowane tashar amfani sannan kuma a canza shi zuwa siginar microwave, da ikon tsayayya da electromagnetic. tsangwama ya inganta sosai fiye da kayan lantarki na gargajiya.
Rubutun wannan labarin an yi shi ne musamman don tunani, kuma a haɗe tare da ƙwarewar bincike da gogewar marubucin a wannan fanni, akwai kurakurai da rashin fahimta, don Allah a fahimta.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-03-2024