Dr. Miller na Bell Laboratories ne ya gabatar da manufar haɗakar tabarau a shekarar 1969. Haɗinkar tabarau wani sabon fanni ne wanda ke nazari da haɓaka na'urorin gani da tsarin na'urorin lantarki masu haɗakar haske ta amfani da hanyoyin haɗakar haske bisa ga optoelectronics da microelectronics. Tushen ka'idar haɗakar tabarau shine optoelectronics da optoelectronics, wanda ya haɗa da wave optics da information optics, nonlinear optics, semiconductor optoelectronics, crystal optics, thin film optics, guided wave optics, coupled mode and parametric interaction theory, thin film optical waveguide na'urori da tsarin. Tushen fasaha galibi shine fasahar fim mai siriri da fasahar microelectronics. Fannin aikace-aikacen haɗakar tabarau yana da faɗi sosai, ban da sadarwa ta fiber optical, fasahar gano fiber optical, sarrafa bayanai na gani, kwamfuta mai gani da ajiyar haske, akwai wasu fannoni, kamar binciken kimiyya na kayan aiki, kayan aikin gani, binciken spectral.
Na farko, fa'idodin gani masu haɗaka
1. Kwatanta da tsarin na'urorin gani daban-daban
Na'urar gani mai rarrabewa nau'in na'urar gani ce da aka ɗora a kan babban dandamali ko tushe na gani don samar da tsarin gani. Girman tsarin yana kan tsari na 1m2, kuma kauri na katakon yana da kusan 1cm. Baya ga girmansa, haɗuwa da daidaitawa suma suna da wahala. Tsarin gani mai haɗawa yana da fa'idodi masu zuwa:
1. Raƙuman haske suna yaɗuwa a cikin jagororin hasken rana, kuma raƙuman haske suna da sauƙin sarrafawa da kuma kula da kuzarinsu.
2. Haɗakarwa tana kawo daidaiton matsayi. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, haɗakarwar tabarau tana tsammanin yin na'urori da yawa akan substrate iri ɗaya, don haka babu matsalolin haɗuwa da na'urorin hangen nesa daban-daban ke da su, don haka haɗin zai iya zama mai karko, don haka ya fi dacewa da abubuwan muhalli kamar girgiza da zafin jiki.
(3) Girman na'urar da tsawon hulɗa an gajarta su; Kayan lantarki da ke da alaƙa kuma suna aiki a ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki.
4. Yawan ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa. Hasken da ke yawo a kan jagorar raƙuman ruwa yana iyakance ga ƙaramin sarari na gida, wanda ke haifar da yawan ƙarfin haske mai yawa, wanda yake da sauƙin isa ga maƙasudin aiki na na'urar da ake buƙata kuma yana aiki tare da tasirin gani mara layi.
5. Gabaɗaya ana haɗa na'urorin hangen nesa na haɗin kai a kan wani sikeli mai girman santimita, wanda girmansa ƙanƙanta ne kuma mai sauƙin nauyi.
2. Kwatanta da da'irori masu haɗawa
Fa'idodin haɗakar gani za a iya raba su zuwa fannoni biyu, ɗaya shine maye gurbin tsarin lantarki mai haɗaka (da'irar haɗin kai) tare da tsarin gani mai haɗaka (da'irar haɗin kai); ɗayan kuma yana da alaƙa da fiber optic da dielectric plane optical waveguide waɗanda ke jagorantar hasken rana maimakon waya ko coaxial cable don watsa siginar.
A cikin hanyar gani mai hadewa, ana samar da abubuwan gani a kan wani abu mai wafer substrate kuma an haɗa su ta hanyar jagororin hasken da aka samar a ciki ko a saman substrate. Hanyar gani mai hadewa, wacce ke haɗa abubuwan gani a kan abu ɗaya a cikin siffa ta siriri, hanya ce mai mahimmanci don magance ƙarancin tsarin gani na asali da inganta aikin gabaɗaya. Na'urar da aka haɗa tana da fa'idodin ƙaramin girma, aiki mai karko da aminci, ingantaccen aiki, ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki da sauƙin amfani.
Gabaɗaya, fa'idodin maye gurbin da'irori masu haɗawa tare da da'irori masu haɗawa sun haɗa da ƙaruwar bandwidth, yawan rarrabawa na tsawon rai, sauya multiplex, ƙarancin haɗin kai, ƙaramin girma, nauyi mai sauƙi, ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, ingantaccen tattalin arziki na shirye-shiryen rukuni, da babban aminci. Saboda hulɗar da ke tsakanin haske da abu, sabbin ayyukan na'urori kuma ana iya cimma su ta hanyar amfani da tasirin jiki daban-daban kamar tasirin photoelectric, tasirin electro-optical, tasirin acousto-optical, tasirin magneto-optical, tasirin thermo-optical da sauransu a cikin tsarin hanyar gani mai haɗawa.
2. Bincike da amfani da na'urorin hangen nesa masu haɗaka
Ana amfani da na'urorin hangen nesa masu haɗaka sosai a fannoni daban-daban kamar masana'antu, sojoji da tattalin arziki, amma galibi ana amfani da su a fannoni kamar haka:
1. Sadarwa da hanyoyin sadarwa na gani
Na'urorin haɗakar gani sune kayan aikin da ke da mahimmanci don cimma manyan hanyoyin sadarwa na gani masu sauri da girma, gami da tushen amsawar laser mai sauri, mai rarraba raƙuman ruwa mai yawa, mai gano na'urar daukar hoto mai natsuwa, mai canza raƙuman ruwa, mai sauya ma'aunin sauyawa na gani mai sauri, mai raba hasken haske mai sauƙi da yawa da sauransu.
2. Kwamfutar Photonic
Kwamfutar photon da ake kira kwamfuta ce da ke amfani da haske a matsayin hanyar watsa bayanai. Fotons bosons ne, waɗanda ba su da wutar lantarki, kuma hasken rana na iya wucewa a layi ɗaya ko kuma su haɗu ba tare da shafar juna ba, wanda ke da ikon sarrafawa mai kyau a layi ɗaya. Kwamfutar photonic kuma tana da fa'idodin babban ƙarfin adana bayanai, ƙarfin hana tsangwama mai ƙarfi, ƙarancin buƙatu don yanayin muhalli, da kuma juriyar kurakurai mai ƙarfi. Abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci na kwamfutocin photonic sune maɓallan gani da aka haɗa da kuma abubuwan da aka haɗa da dabaru na gani.
3. Sauran aikace-aikace, kamar na'urar sarrafa bayanai ta gani, na'urar firikwensin fiber optic, na'urar firikwensin fiber grating, na'urar firikwensin fiber optic, da sauransu.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-28-2023