Nau'inna'urar gano hototsari
Mai daukar hotona'ura ce da ke juyar da siginar gani zuwa siginar lantarki, tsarinta da iri-iri, ana iya raba ta zuwa nau'ikan kamar haka:
(1) Photoconductive photodetector
Lokacin da na'urori masu ɗaukar hoto suka fallasa zuwa haske, mai ɗaukar hoto yana ƙara haɓaka aikin su kuma yana rage juriya. Masu ɗaukar kaya sun yi farin ciki a yanayin zafi na ɗaki suna motsawa ta hanyar da ta dace a ƙarƙashin aikin filin lantarki, don haka suna haifar da na'urar. A ƙarƙashin yanayin haske, electrons suna jin daɗi kuma canji yana faruwa. A lokaci guda kuma, suna ɗimuwa a ƙarƙashin aikin filin lantarki don samar da hoto mai ɗaukar hoto. Sakamakon masu ɗaukar hoto suna ƙara haɓaka aikin na'urar don haka rage juriya. Photoconductive photodetectors yawanci nuna babban riba da kuma babban amsa a cikin aiki, amma ba za su iya amsa ga high-mita na gani sigina, don haka amsa gudun yana da jinkirin, wanda ya iyakance aikace-aikace na photoconductive na'urorin a wasu sassa.
(2)PN mai daukar hoto
PN photodetector an kafa shi ta hanyar sadarwa tsakanin nau'in semiconductor abu da nau'in N-nau'in semiconductor abu. Kafin a kafa lambar sadarwa, kayan biyu suna cikin wani yanayi daban. Matsayin Fermi a cikin nau'in semiconductor na nau'in P yana kusa da gefen band ɗin valence, yayin da matakin Fermi a cikin nau'in semiconductor na nau'in N yana kusa da gefen ƙungiyar gudanarwa. A lokaci guda, matakin Fermi na nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i na nau'in motsi yana jujjuyawa zuwa ƙasa har sai matakin Fermi na kayan biyu yana cikin matsayi ɗaya. Canjin matsayi na band conduction da valence band kuma yana tare da lanƙwasawa na band. Mahadar PN tana cikin ma'auni kuma tana da daidaitaccen matakin Fermi. Daga bangaren binciken dakon kaya, galibin masu caja a cikin kayan nau'in P sune ramuka, yayin da mafi yawan masu caje a cikin kayan N-nau'in lantarki ne. Lokacin da kayan biyu ke hulɗa, saboda bambancin ƙaddamarwar jigilar kaya, electrons a cikin kayan N-type za su yadu zuwa nau'in P-type, yayin da electrons a cikin kayan N-nau'in za su yadu a gaban ramukan. Wurin da ba a biya shi ba da yaduwar electrons da ramuka zai samar da ginannen filin lantarki, kuma ginin da aka gina a cikin wutar lantarki zai yi tafiya da jigilar jigilar kaya, kuma alkiblar drift kawai ya saba wa alkiblar watsawa, wanda ke nufin samuwar ginin wutar lantarki yana hana yaduwar dillalan, kuma akwai duka biyun da ke yaduwa na nau'in PN guda biyu, da ma'auni guda biyu. ta yadda madaidaicin jigilar jigilar kaya ya zama sifili. Ma'auni mai ƙarfi na ciki.
Lokacin da mahaɗin PN ya fallasa zuwa hasken haske, ana canza makamashin photon zuwa mai ɗaukar hoto, kuma mai ɗaukar hoto, wato, nau'i-nau'i na electron-hole, ana samar da shi. Ƙarƙashin aikin wutar lantarki, lantarki da ramuka suna motsawa zuwa yankin N da yankin P, da kuma jagorancin jagorancin mai ɗaukar hoto yana haifar da photocurrent. Wannan shine ainihin ƙa'idar PN junction photodetector.
(3)PIN mai daukar hoto
Pin photodiode abu ne na nau'in P da nau'in N-nau'i tsakanin Layer I, Layer I na kayan gabaɗaya abu ne na zahiri ko ƙarancin doping. Tsarin aikinsa yana kama da haɗin PN, lokacin da haɗin PIN ɗin ya fallasa zuwa hasken haske, photon yana canja wurin makamashi zuwa electron, yana samar da masu ɗaukar hoto, kuma filin lantarki na ciki ko filin lantarki na waje zai raba nau'i-nau'i na electron-rami na hoto a cikin Layer na raguwa, kuma masu cajin caji za su samar da wutar lantarki a cikin waje. Matsayin da Layer I ke takawa shine faɗaɗa faɗin raƙuman Layer, kuma Layer zan zama gabaɗaya Layer na ragewa a ƙarƙashin babban ƙarfin wutan lantarki, kuma nau'ikan ramin electron da aka samar za su rabu cikin sauri, don haka saurin amsawa na madaidaicin hoto na PIN yana da sauri fiye da na na'urar gano mahadar PN. Har ila yau, masu ɗaukar kaya a waje da Layer I ana tattara su ta hanyar raguwa ta hanyar motsi motsi, suna samar da halin yanzu. Kaurin Layer I gabaɗaya sirara ce, kuma manufarsa ita ce inganta saurin amsawar na'urar ganowa.
(4)APD photodetectorAvalanche photodiode
Hanyar naAvalanche photodiodeyayi kama da na PN junction. APD photodetector yana amfani da junction na PN mai ƙarfi, ƙarfin aiki bisa ga gano APD yana da girma, kuma lokacin da aka ƙara babban juzu'i, haɓakar ionization da haɓakar dusar ƙanƙara za su faru a cikin APD, kuma aikin na'urar ganowa yana ƙaruwa da hoto. Lokacin da APD ya kasance a cikin yanayin juzu'i na baya, filin lantarki a cikin Layer na lalacewa zai kasance da ƙarfi sosai, kuma masu ɗaukar hoto da aka samar da haske za su rabu da sauri kuma suyi sauri a ƙarƙashin aikin filin lantarki. Akwai yuwuwar cewa electrons za su yi karo a cikin lattice yayin wannan tsari, wanda zai haifar da electrons a cikin lettice su zama ion. Ana maimaita wannan tsari, kuma ionized ionized a cikin lattice suma sun yi karo da lattice, yana haifar da adadin masu ɗaukar kaya a cikin APD ya karu, yana haifar da babban halin yanzu. Wannan na'ura ce ta musamman ta jiki a cikin APD cewa masu gano tushen APD gabaɗaya suna da halaye na saurin amsawa, babban ƙimar halin yanzu da haɓakar hankali. Idan aka kwatanta da haɗin PN da haɗin PIN, APD yana da saurin amsawa, wanda shine mafi saurin amsawa tsakanin bututun hotuna na yanzu.
(5) Schottky junction photodetector
Tsarin asali na Schottky junction photodetector shine Schottky diode, wanda halayen lantarki yayi kama da na haɗin PN da aka kwatanta a sama, kuma yana da motsi na unidirectional tare da kyakkyawar gudanarwa da kuma jujjuya yankewa. Lokacin da karfe tare da babban aikin aiki da kuma semiconductor tare da ƙananan nau'in nau'in aikin aiki, an kafa shinge na Schottky, kuma sakamakon da ya haifar shine haɗin Schottky. Babban tsarin yana da ɗan kama da haɗin PN, ɗaukar nau'in semiconductor na nau'in N a matsayin misali, lokacin da abubuwa biyu suka haɗu, saboda nau'ikan electron na kayan biyu daban-daban, electrons a cikin semiconductor za su yaɗu zuwa gefen ƙarfe. The diffused electrons sun taru ci gaba a daya karshen karfe, ta haka lalata ainihin lantarki neutrality na karfe, forming ginannen lantarki filin daga semiconductor zuwa karfe a kan lamba surface, da electrons za su yi nisa a karkashin mataki na ciki lantarki filin, da kuma diffusion na diffusion da drift motsi a karshe za a gudanar a lokaci guda, da kuma lokaci-lokaci Schelibt a lokacin da za a kai ga equirium. junction. A ƙarƙashin yanayin haske, yankin shinge yana ɗaukar haske kai tsaye kuma yana haifar da nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i na electron, yayin da masu ɗaukar hoto a cikin mahadar PN suna buƙatar wucewa ta yankin watsawa don isa yankin haɗin gwiwa. Idan aka kwatanta da mahaɗar PN, mai gano hoto dangane da mahaɗin Schottky yana da saurin amsawa, kuma saurin amsa yana iya kaiwa ga matakin ns.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-13-2024