Sashe na Ɗaya
1, ganowa ta wata hanya ta zahiri ce, rarrabe adadin sigogin da aka auna suna cikin wani yanki, domin tantance ko sigogin da aka auna sun cancanta ko kuma ko adadin sigogin suna nan. Tsarin kwatanta adadin da ba a sani ba da aka auna da adadin da aka daidaita iri ɗaya, ƙayyade yawan adadin da aka auna ta ƙungiyar da aka auna, da kuma bayyana wannan adadin ta hanyar lambobi.
A fannin sarrafa kansa da gano abubuwa, aikin gano abubuwa ba wai kawai dubawa da auna kayayyakin da aka gama ko kayayyakin da ba a gama ba ne, har ma don duba, kulawa da kuma sarrafa tsarin samarwa ko abu mai motsi don sanya shi cikin mafi kyawun yanayi da mutane suka zaɓa, ya zama dole a gano da kuma auna girman da canjin sigogi daban-daban a kowane lokaci. Wannan fasaha ta gano abubuwa da auna su a ainihin lokaci da kuma abubuwan da ke motsawa ana kiranta fasahar duba injiniya.
Akwai nau'ikan aunawa guda biyu: auna kai tsaye da aunawa kai tsaye
Ma'aunin kai tsaye shine auna ƙimar da aka auna na karatun mita ba tare da wani lissafi ba, kamar: amfani da ma'aunin zafi don auna zafin jiki, amfani da multimeter don auna ƙarfin lantarki
Ma'aunin da ba a kaikaice ba shine auna adadi da yawa na zahiri da suka shafi aunawa, da kuma ƙididdige ƙimar da aka auna ta hanyar dangantakar aiki. Misali, ƙarfin P yana da alaƙa da ƙarfin lantarki V da na yanzu I, wato, P=VI, kuma ana ƙididdige ƙarfin ta hanyar auna ƙarfin lantarki da na yanzu.
Aunawa kai tsaye abu ne mai sauƙi kuma mai dacewa, kuma sau da yawa ana amfani da shi a aikace. Duk da haka, a lokuta inda auna kai tsaye ba zai yiwu ba, auna kai tsaye ba shi da daɗi ko kuskuren auna kai tsaye babban abu ne, ana iya amfani da auna kai tsaye.
Manufar na'urar firikwensin photoelectric da firikwensin
Aikin firikwensin shine canza adadin da ba na lantarki ba zuwa fitarwar adadin lantarki wanda akwai takamaiman alaƙa mai dacewa da shi, wanda shine ainihin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin tsarin adadi mara wutar lantarki da tsarin adadi na lantarki. A cikin tsarin ganowa da sarrafawa, firikwensin muhimmin na'urar juyawa ce. Daga mahangar makamashi, ana iya raba firikwensin zuwa nau'i biyu: ɗaya shine firikwensin sarrafa makamashi, wanda aka fi sani da firikwensin aiki; ɗayan kuma shine firikwensin canza makamashi, wanda aka fi sani da firikwensin mara aiki. Firikwensin sarrafa makamashi yana nufin firikwensin za a auna shi zuwa canjin sigogin lantarki (kamar juriya, ƙarfin aiki), firikwensin yana buƙatar ƙara samar da wutar lantarki mai ban sha'awa, za a iya auna sigogi canje-canje zuwa ƙarfin lantarki, canje-canje na yanzu. Firikwensin canza makamashi zai iya canza canjin da aka auna kai tsaye zuwa canjin ƙarfin lantarki da halin yanzu, ba tare da tushen motsawa na waje ba.
A lokuta da yawa, adadin da ba na lantarki ba da za a auna ba shine nau'in adadin da ba na lantarki ba wanda firikwensin zai iya canzawa, wanda ke buƙatar ƙara na'ura ko na'ura a gaban firikwensin wanda zai iya canza adadin da ba na lantarki ba da aka auna zuwa adadin da ba na lantarki ba wanda firikwensin zai iya karɓa da kuma canza shi. Kayan aiki ko na'urar da za ta iya canza wanda ba na lantarki da aka auna zuwa wutar lantarki da ake da ita firikwensin ne. Misali, lokacin auna ƙarfin lantarki tare da ma'aunin juriya, yana da mahimmanci a haɗa ma'aunin juriya zuwa ga abin da ke roba na matsin lamba na siyarwa, abin da ke roba yana canza matsin lamba zuwa ƙarfin juriya, kuma ma'aunin juriya yana canza ƙarfin juriya zuwa canjin juriya. A nan ma'aunin juriya shine firikwensin, kuma abin da ke roba shine firikwensin. Duk firikwensin da firikwensin na iya canza wanda ba na lantarki da aka auna a kowane lokaci, amma firikwensin yana canza wanda ba na lantarki da aka auna zuwa wanda ba na lantarki ba, kuma firikwensin yana canza wanda ba na lantarki da aka auna zuwa wutar lantarki.
2, na'urar daukar hotoya dogara ne akan tasirin photoelectric, siginar haske ta zama firikwensin siginar lantarki, wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin sarrafawa ta atomatik, sararin samaniya da rediyo da talabijin da sauran fannoni.
Na'urori masu auna hasken wutar lantarki sun haɗa da na'urori masu auna hasken wutar lantarki (photodiodes), na'urori masu auna hasken wutar lantarki (phototransistors), na'urori masu auna hasken wutar lantarki (photoresistors) (photocouplers), na'urori masu auna hasken wutar lantarki (photoelectric sensors), na'urori masu auna hasken wutar lantarki (photocells), na'urori masu auna hasken wutar lantarki (photocouplers), na'urori masu auna hasken wutar lantarki (photocells), da na'urori masu auna hasken wutar lantarki (photocouplers). An nuna teburin manyan nau'ikan a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa. A aikace, ya zama dole a zaɓi na'urar auna hasken da ta dace don cimma tasirin da ake so. Ka'idar zaɓi ta gaba ɗaya ita ce:ganowar photoelectric mai saurida'ira, kewayon mita mai haske, firikwensin laser mai saurin gaske ya kamata ya zaɓi photodiode; Firikwensin photoelectric mai sauƙin bugun jini na dubban Hertz da maɓallin photoelectric mai ƙarancin sauri a cikin da'irar mai sauƙi ya kamata ya zaɓi phototransistor; Kodayake saurin amsawa yana da jinkiri, firikwensin gadar juriya mai kyakkyawan aiki da firikwensin photoelectric tare da haƙƙin juriya, firikwensin photoelectric a cikin da'irar haske ta atomatik na fitilar titi, da juriya mai canzawa wanda ke canzawa daidai gwargwado tare da ƙarfin hasken ya kamata ya zaɓi abubuwan da ke haifar da haske na Cds da Pbs; Masu shigar da bayanai na juyawa, firikwensin gudu da firikwensin laser mai saurin gaske ya kamata a haɗa su da firikwensin photoelectric.
Nau'in firikwensin hoto na lantarki Misali na firikwensin hoto na lantarki
Mahadar PNPN Photodiode(Si, Ge, GA)
PIN Photodiode (Si kayan)
Photodiode na dusar ƙanƙara(Si, Ge)
Na'urar daukar hoto (Tube na PhotoDarlington) (Si kayan)
Na'urar firikwensin hoto mai haɗaka da kuma na'urar thyristor mai ɗaukar hoto (Si material)
Hoton sel mara haɗin pn (kayan da ke amfani da CdS, CdSe, Se, PbS)
Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a yanayin zafi (kayan da aka yi amfani da su (PZT, LiTaO3, PbTiO3)
Nau'in bututun lantarki phototube, bututun kyamara, bututun mai yawan photo
Sauran na'urori masu auna launi (Si, α-Si kayan)
Na'urar firikwensin hoto mai ƙarfi (kayan Si, nau'in CCD, nau'in MOS, nau'in CPD
Abin gano matsayi (PSD) (Si kayan)
Photocell (Photodiode) (Si don kayan aiki)
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-18-2023