Hanyar haɗin kai ta Optoelectronic

Optoelectronichanyar haɗin kai

Haɗin kai naphotonicskuma na'urar lantarki wani muhimmin mataki ne na inganta iyawar tsarin sarrafa bayanai, da ba da damar saurin canja wurin bayanai, rage yawan amfani da wutar lantarki da kuma ƙirar na'ura, da buɗe sabbin damammaki masu yawa don ƙirar tsarin. Hannun haɗin kai gabaɗaya an kasu kashi biyu: haɗaɗɗiyar haɗin kai da haɗakar guntu da yawa.

Haɗin kai na monolithic
Haɗin kai na monolithic ya ƙunshi kera kayan aikin hoto da na lantarki akan ƙasa ɗaya, yawanci ta amfani da kayan aiki da matakai masu jituwa. Wannan hanya tana mai da hankali ne kan ƙirƙirar haɗin kai tsakanin haske da wutar lantarki a cikin guntu guda ɗaya.
Amfani:
1. Rage asarar haɗin gwiwa: Sanya photons da kayan lantarki a kusa yana rage asarar sigina mai alaƙa da haɗin kai-tsaye.
2, Ingantaccen aiki: Haɗin kai mai ƙarfi zai iya haifar da saurin canja wurin bayanai saboda gajeriyar hanyoyin sigina da rage jinkiri.
3, Ƙananan Girma: Haɗin kai na monolithic yana ba da izinin na'urori masu mahimmanci, wanda ke da amfani musamman ga aikace-aikacen da ke iyakance sararin samaniya, irin su cibiyoyin bayanai ko na'urorin hannu.
4, rage amfani da wutar lantarki: kawar da buƙatar fakiti daban-daban da haɗin kai na nesa, wanda zai iya rage yawan buƙatun wutar lantarki.
Kalubale:
1) Daidaituwar kayan aiki: Nemo kayan da ke goyan bayan manyan na'urorin lantarki da ayyukan photonic na iya zama ƙalubale saboda galibi suna buƙatar kaddarorin daban-daban.
2, Ka'idodin tsari: haɗa da masana'antun masana'antu daban-daban na lantarki da kuma allo a kan substrate ɗaya ba tare da lalata aikin kowane bangare na ɗaya ba aiki mai wahala.
4, Ƙirar masana'antu: Babban madaidaicin da ake buƙata don tsarin lantarki da na photononic yana ƙaruwa da rikitarwa da farashin masana'antu.

Multi-guntu hadewa
Wannan tsarin yana ba da damar samun sassauci mafi girma a cikin zaɓar kayan aiki da matakai don kowane aiki. A cikin wannan haɗin kai, kayan lantarki da na photonic sun fito ne daga matakai daban-daban sannan a haɗa su tare kuma a sanya su a kan kunshin gama gari ko substrate (Hoto na 1). Yanzu bari mu lissafa hanyoyin haɗin kai tsakanin kwakwalwan kwamfuta na optoelectronic. Haɗin kai kai tsaye: Wannan dabarar ta ƙunshi hulɗar jiki kai tsaye da haɗin kai na shimfidar tsari guda biyu, galibi ana sauƙaƙe ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar ƙwayoyin cuta, zafi, da matsa lamba. Yana da fa'idar sauƙi da yuwuwar haɗin asara mai ƙarancin gaske, amma yana buƙatar daidaitattun wurare da tsabta. Fiber/grating coupling: A cikin wannan makirci, zaren fiber ko fiber array yana daidaitawa kuma an haɗa shi zuwa gefen ko saman guntu na photonic, yana barin haske ya haɗa ciki da waje daga guntu. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da grating don haɗuwa a tsaye, inganta ingantaccen watsa haske tsakanin guntun photonic da fiber na waje. Ta hanyar-silicon ramukan (TSVs) da ƙananan bumps: Ta hanyar-silicon ramukan ne a tsaye interconnected ta wani silicon substrate, kyale kwakwalwan kwamfuta da za a tara a cikin girma uku. Haɗe tare da maki micro-convex, suna taimakawa wajen cimma haɗin wutar lantarki tsakanin lantarki da kwakwalwan kwamfuta na photonic a cikin matakan da aka tattara, wanda ya dace da haɗin kai mai girma. Matsakaicin Matsakaicin gani: Layer na gani na gani shine keɓantaccen sinadari mai ɗauke da jagororin gani na gani waɗanda ke aiki azaman tsaka-tsaki don sarrafa siginar gani tsakanin kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Yana ba da damar daidaitaccen daidaitawa, da ƙarin mkayan aikin ganiza a iya haɗawa don ƙarin sassaucin haɗi. Haɗin Haɓakawa: Wannan fasahar haɗin gwiwa ta ci gaba tana haɗa haɗin kai kai tsaye da fasaha mai ƙima don cimma babban haɗin wutar lantarki tsakanin kwakwalwan kwamfuta da musaya masu inganci masu inganci. Yana da alƙawarin musamman don babban aiki na haɗin gwiwar optoelectronic. Haɗin haɗaɗɗen bump ɗin solder: Mai kama da haɗa haɗin guntu, ana amfani da kututturen solder don ƙirƙirar haɗin lantarki. Duk da haka, a cikin mahallin haɗin kai na optoelectronic, dole ne a biya kulawa ta musamman don guje wa lalacewa ga abubuwan photonic da ke haifar da damuwa na zafi da kuma kula da daidaitawar gani.

Hoto 1: : Electron/photon guntu-zuwa guntu tsarin haɗin gwiwa

Fa'idodin waɗannan hanyoyin suna da mahimmanci: Yayin da duniyar CMOS ke ci gaba da bin gyare-gyare a cikin Dokar Moore, zai yiwu a daidaita kowane ƙarni na CMOS ko Bi-CMOS a kan guntu mai arha na silicon photonic, ana samun fa'idodin mafi kyawun matakai photonics da lantarki. Saboda photonics gabaɗaya baya buƙatar ƙirƙira ƙananan sifofi (maɓallin maɓalli na kusan nanometer 100 na al'ada ne) kuma na'urori suna da girma idan aka kwatanta da transistor, la'akari da tattalin arziƙin za su kasance suna tura na'urorin photonic don kera su a cikin wani tsari daban, rabu da kowane ci gaba. lantarki da ake buƙata don samfurin ƙarshe.
Amfani:
1, sassauci: Ana iya amfani da kayan aiki daban-daban da matakai daban-daban don cimma mafi kyawun aikin kayan lantarki da na hoto.
2, balaga balaga: yin amfani da balagagge masana'antu matakai ga kowane bangare na iya sauƙaƙa samarwa da kuma rage farashin.
3, Sauƙaƙan haɓakawa da kiyayewa: Rarrabuwar abubuwan da aka haɗa suna ba da damar maye gurbin kowane kayan aikin ko haɓaka cikin sauƙi ba tare da shafar tsarin gaba ɗaya ba.
Kalubale:
1, asarar haɗin haɗin gwiwa: Haɗin kashe guntu yana gabatar da ƙarin asarar sigina kuma yana iya buƙatar hanyoyin daidaitawa masu rikitarwa.
2, ƙãra rikiɗawa da girma: Abubuwan haɗin kai suna buƙatar ƙarin marufi da haɗin kai, yana haifar da girma girma da yuwuwar farashi mai girma.
3, yawan amfani da wutar lantarki: Tsawon hanyoyin sigina da ƙarin marufi na iya haɓaka buƙatun wutar lantarki idan aka kwatanta da haɗin kai na monolithic.
Ƙarshe:
Zaɓin tsakanin haɗin kai na monolithic da multi-chip ya dogara da ƙayyadaddun buƙatun aikace-aikacen, gami da manufofin aiki, ƙayyadaddun girman girman, la'akari da farashi, da balagaggen fasaha. Duk da rikitaccen masana'antu, haɗin kai na monolithic yana da fa'ida ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfi, ƙarancin wutar lantarki, da watsa bayanai mai sauri. Madadin haka, haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe yana ba da sassaucin ƙira mafi girma kuma yana amfani da damar masana'anta da ke akwai, yana mai da shi dacewa da aikace-aikace inda waɗannan abubuwan suka fi girman fa'idodin haɗin kai. Yayin da bincike ke ci gaba, ana kuma bincika hanyoyin haɗaɗɗun hanyoyin da ke haɗa abubuwan dabarun biyu don haɓaka aikin tsarin yayin da ake rage ƙalubalen da ke tattare da kowace hanya.