Gabatar da siliki photonic Mach-Zende modulator MZM modulator

Gabatar da siliki photonic Mach-Zende modulatorMZM modulator

TheMach-zende modulator shine mafi mahimmancin bangaren a ƙarshen watsawa a cikin 400G/800G silicon photonic modules. A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan modulators guda biyu a ƙarshen jigilar silicon photonic da aka samar da yawa: Nau'i ɗaya shine PAM4 modulator dangane da yanayin aiki guda ɗaya na 100Gbps, wanda ke samun isar da bayanan 800Gbps ta hanyar layi ɗaya tashoshi 4/tashar 8 kuma galibi ana amfani dashi a cibiyoyin bayanai da Gpus. Tabbas, tashoshi guda ɗaya na 200Gbps silicon photonics Mach-Zeonde modulator wanda zai yi gasa tare da EML bayan samar da taro a 100Gbps bai kamata ya yi nisa ba. Nau'i na biyu shineIQ modulatorda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin sadarwa mai daidaituwa mai nisa mai nisa. Nitsewar da aka ambata a halin yanzu tana nufin nisan watsa na'urorin gani na gani daga dubunnan kilomita a cikin cibiyar sadarwar kashin baya na birni zuwa na'urorin gani na ZR masu tsayi daga kilomita 80 zuwa 120, har ma zuwa na'urorin gani na LR masu kama daga kilomita 10 a nan gaba.

Ka'idar high-gudunsilicon modulatorsza a iya raba kashi biyu: na'urorin gani da lantarki.

Bangaren gani: Asalin ƙa'idar ita ce Mach-zeund interferometer. Hasken haske ya ratsa ta cikin mai raba katako na 50-50 kuma ya zama hasken haske guda biyu tare da makamashi daidai, wanda ke ci gaba da watsawa a cikin hannaye biyu na na'urar. Ta hanyar sarrafa lokaci akan ɗaya daga cikin makamai (wato, ana canza ma'anar siliki ta mai zafi don canza saurin yaduwa na hannu ɗaya), haɗin katako na ƙarshe ana aiwatar da shi a fitowar hannayen biyu. Tsawon lokaci na tsangwama (inda kololuwar duka makamai biyu suka kai lokaci guda) da soke tsangwama (inda bambancin lokaci ya kasance 90 ° kuma kololuwa suna gaba da magudanar ruwa) ana iya samun su ta hanyar tsangwama, ta haka ne ke daidaita hasken haske (wanda za'a iya fahimta azaman 1 da 0 a cikin siginar dijital). Wannan fahimta ce mai sauƙi da kuma hanyar sarrafawa don wurin aiki a cikin aiki mai amfani. Misali, a cikin sadarwar bayanai, muna aiki a madaidaicin 3dB ƙasa da kololuwa, kuma a cikin sadarwa mai daidaituwa, muna aiki a babu tabo mai haske. Koyaya, wannan hanyar sarrafa bambance-bambancen lokaci ta hanyar dumama da zafi don sarrafa siginar fitarwa yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo kuma kawai ba zai iya biyan bukatunmu na watsa 100Gpbs a sakan daya ba. Don haka, dole ne mu nemo hanyar da za mu cimma saurin daidaitawa.

Sashin wutar lantarki ya ƙunshi ɓangaren junction na PN wanda ke buƙatar canza ma'anar refractive a babban mita, da tsarin lantarki mai tafiya wanda ya dace da saurin siginar lantarki da siginar gani. Ka'idar canza ma'anar refractive shine tasirin watsawa na plasma, wanda kuma aka sani da tasirin watsawa mai ɗaukar kaya kyauta. Yana nufin tasirin jiki cewa lokacin da tattarawar masu ɗaukar kaya kyauta a cikin na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto ya canza, ainihin da ɓangarorin haƙiƙa na ma'anar refractive na kayan suma suna canzawa daidai. Lokacin da maida hankali mai ɗaukar kaya a cikin kayan semiconductor ya ƙaru, ƙimar ɗaukar kayan yana ƙaruwa yayin da ainihin ɓangaren index ɗin refractive yana raguwa. Hakazalika, lokacin da masu ɗaukar kaya a cikin kayan semiconductor suka ragu, ƙimar ɗaukar nauyi tana raguwa yayin da ainihin ɓangaren index ɗin yana ƙaruwa. Tare da irin wannan tasiri, a cikin aikace-aikace masu amfani, ana iya samun daidaitawar sigina masu girma ta hanyar daidaita yawan adadin masu ɗauka a cikin jagorar watsawa. Daga ƙarshe, sigina na 0 da 1 suna bayyana a wurin fitarwa, suna ɗora siginonin lantarki masu sauri akan girman ƙarfin hasken. Hanyar samun wannan ita ce ta hanyar PN junction. Masu ɗaukar nauyin siliki masu kyauta kaɗan ne, kuma canjin ƙima bai isa ba don saduwa da canjin ƙididdigewa. Sabili da haka, ya zama dole don haɓaka tushe mai ɗaukar hoto a cikin jagorar watsawa ta hanyar doping silicon don cimma canji a cikin index refractive, ta yadda za a sami mafi girma daidaitawa.