Babban hadedde bakin bakin fim lithium niobate electro-optic modulator

High linearityelectrooptic modulatorda aikace-aikacen photon microwave
Tare da karuwar buƙatun tsarin sadarwa, don ƙara haɓaka haɓakar watsa sigina, mutane za su haɗa photons da electrons don cimma fa'idodi masu dacewa, kuma za a haifi photonics na microwave. Ana buƙatar modulator na lantarki don juyar da wutar lantarki zuwa haske a cikimicrowave photonic tsarin, kuma wannan mahimmin mataki yawanci yana ƙayyade aikin dukan tsarin. Tun da juyar da siginar mitar rediyo zuwa yankin gani shine tsarin siginar analog, kuma na yau da kullunelectro-optical modulatorssuna da rashin daidaituwa na asali, akwai mummunar murɗaɗɗen sigina a cikin tsarin juyawa. Domin cimma kusan daidaitawar linzamin kwamfuta, galibin wurin aiki na na'urar na'ura yana daidaitawa a wurin son zuciya na orthogonal, amma har yanzu ba zai iya biyan buƙatun hanyar haɗin photon na microwave ba don layin na'urar modulator. Ana buƙatar masu daidaitawa na lantarki tare da babban layin layi cikin gaggawa.

Madaidaicin saurin jujjuya fihirisar kayan siliki yawanci ana samun su ta hanyar watsawar plasma kyauta (FCD). Dukansu tasirin FCD da daidaitawar haɗin gwiwar PN ba su kan layi ba, wanda ke sa na'urar modulator ta siliki ƙasa da layi fiye da na lithium niobate modulator. Abubuwan lithium niobate suna nuna kyau sosaielectro-Optical modulationProperties saboda su Pucker sakamako. A lokaci guda, lithium niobate abu yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga babban bandwidth, mai kyau modulation halaye, low hasara, sauki hadewa da kuma dacewa da semiconductor tsari, da yin amfani da bakin ciki film lithium niobate don yin high-yi electro-Optical modulator, idan aka kwatanta da silicon. kusan babu "gajeren faranti", amma kuma don cimma babban layi. Lithium niobate na bakin ciki (LNOI) na'urar motsa jiki ta lantarki akan insulator ya zama alƙawarin ci gaba. Tare da haɓaka fasahar shirye-shiryen kayan bakin ciki na lithium niobate da fasahar etching na waveguide, ingantaccen juzu'i da haɓaka mafi girman fim ɗin lithium niobate electro-optic modulator ya zama fagen ilimi da masana'antu na duniya.

Halaye na bakin ciki film lithium niobate
A {asar Amirka, shirin DAP AR ya yi wannan kimantawa na kayan lithium niobate: idan cibiyar juyin juya halin lantarki ta kasance mai suna bayan kayan silicon wanda ya sa ya yiwu, to, ana iya kiran wurin haifuwar juyin juya halin photonics bayan lithium niobate. . Wannan shi ne saboda lithium niobate ya haɗu da tasirin lantarki-na gani, tasirin acousto-optical, tasirin piezoelectric, tasirin thermoelectric da tasirin photorefractive a cikin ɗayan, kamar kayan silicon a fagen gani.

Dangane da halayen watsawar gani, kayan InP yana da asarar watsawa mafi girma akan guntu saboda ɗaukar haske a cikin band ɗin 1550nm da aka saba amfani da shi. SiO2 da silicon nitride suna da mafi kyawun halayen watsawa, kuma asarar na iya kaiwa matakin ~ 0.01dB / cm; A halin yanzu, hasarar waveguide na sikirin-fim lithium niobate waveguide na iya kaiwa matakin 0.03dB/cm, kuma asarar siriri-fim lithium niobate waveguide yana da yuwuwar a ƙara ragewa tare da ci gaba da haɓaka matakin fasaha a cikin nan gaba. Sabili da haka, kayan aikin lithium niobate na bakin ciki zai nuna kyakkyawan aiki don tsarin haske mara kyau kamar hanyar photosythetic, shunt da microring.

Dangane da samar da haske, InP kawai ke da ikon fitar da haske kai tsaye; Don haka, don aikace-aikacen photon na microwave, ya zama dole a gabatar da tushen tushen haske na InP akan guntu na tushen LNOI ta hanyar ɗaukar walda ko haɓakar epitaxial. Dangane da daidaitawar haske, an jaddada a sama cewa kayan fim na bakin ciki lithium niobate abu ne mai sauƙi don cimma babban bandwidth na gyare-gyare, ƙananan ƙarancin wutar lantarki da ƙarancin watsawa fiye da InP da Si. Haka kuma, babban layin layi na na'urar gani na lantarki na kayan aikin lithium niobate na bakin ciki yana da mahimmanci ga duk aikace-aikacen photon na microwave.

Dangane da tsarin kewayawa na gani, babban martanin electro-optical martani na sikirin fim lithium niobate abu ya sa tushen tushen LNOI na iya jujjuya firikwensin firikwensin saurin gani, kuma yawan wutar lantarkin irin wannan canjin mai sauri shima ya ragu sosai. Don aikace-aikacen yau da kullun na fasahar fasahar photon na microwave, guntu mai sarrafa katako na gani yana da ikon sauya saurin sauri don saduwa da buƙatun binciken bim mai sauri, kuma halayen ƙarancin ƙarancin wutar lantarki sun dace da ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun manyan. - sikelin lokaci tsararru tsarin. Ko da yake tushen InP na gani na iya kuma iya gane babban saurin sauya hanyar gani, zai gabatar da babbar hayaniya, musamman lokacin da maɓalli na gani da yawa ya lalace, ƙimar amo za ta lalace sosai. Silicon, SiO2 da silicon nitride kayan za su iya canza hanyoyin gani kawai ta hanyar tasirin thermo-optical ko tasirin watsawa mai ɗaukar kaya, wanda ke da lahani na babban amfani da wutar lantarki da saurin sauyawa. Lokacin da girman jeri na tsararrun tsararru ya yi girma, ba zai iya biyan buƙatun amfani da wutar lantarki ba.

Dangane da kara girman gani, dasemiconductor na gani amplifier (SOA) bisa InP ya kasance balagagge don amfani da kasuwanci, amma yana da rashin lahani na babban yawan amo da ƙananan ƙarfin fitarwa, wanda bai dace da aikace-aikacen photon na microwave ba. Tsarin haɓakawa na siriri-fim lithium niobate waveguide dangane da kunnawa lokaci-lokaci da jujjuyawar na iya samun ƙaramar amo da babban ƙarfin ƙarawa na gani na guntu, wanda zai iya cika buƙatun haɗaɗɗen fasahar photon na microwave don haɓakar gani na kan-chip.

Dangane da gano haske, fim ɗin lithium niobate na bakin ciki yana da kyawawan halayen watsawa zuwa haske a cikin band 1550 nm. Ba za a iya gane aikin canza wutar lantarki ba, don haka don aikace-aikacen photon na microwave, don saduwa da buƙatun canjin hoto akan guntu. Ƙungiyoyin gano InGaAs ko Ge-Si suna buƙatar gabatar da su akan LNOI hadedde kwakwalwan kwamfuta na photonic ta hanyar mayar da walda ko haɓakar epitaxial. Dangane da haɗin kai tare da fiber na gani, saboda fiber na gani da kansa shine kayan SiO2, yanayin yanayin SiO2 waveguide yana da mafi girman matakin daidaitawa tare da yanayin yanayin fiber na gani, kuma haɗakarwa shine mafi dacewa. Yanayin filin diamita na ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙayyadaddun waveguide na fim ɗin lithium niobate na bakin ciki kusan 1μm, wanda ya bambanta da yanayin yanayin fiber na gani, don haka dole ne a aiwatar da canjin yanayin yanayin da ya dace don dacewa da yanayin yanayin fiber na gani.

Dangane da haɗin kai, ko kayan daban-daban suna da babban yuwuwar haɗin kai ya dogara ne akan radius na lanƙwasawa na waveguide (wanda ya shafi iyakance yanayin yanayin waveguide). Gudun ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan radiyo yana ba da damar ƙarami mai lanƙwasawa, wanda ya fi dacewa don gane babban haɗin kai. Saboda haka, sirara-fim lithium niobate waveguides suna da yuwuwar cimma babban haɗin gwiwa. Sabili da haka, bayyanar fim din lithium niobate na bakin ciki ya sa ya yiwu kayan lithium niobate su taka rawar gani na "silicon". Don aikace-aikacen photon na microwave, fa'idodin fim ɗin lithium niobate na bakin ciki sun fi bayyane.