Zane na photonic hadedde kewaye

Zane naphotonichadedde kewaye

Photonic hadedde da'irori(PIC) galibi ana tsara su tare da taimakon rubutun ilimin lissafi saboda mahimmancin tsayin hanya a cikin interferometers ko wasu aikace-aikacen da ke kula da tsayin hanya.PICana ƙera shi ta hanyar ƙera yadudduka da yawa (yawanci 10 zuwa 30) akan wafer, waɗanda suka haɗa da sifofi masu yawa da yawa, galibi ana wakilta a tsarin GDSII. Kafin aika fayil ɗin zuwa ga masana'anta photomask, yana da matuƙar kyawawa don samun damar kwaikwayi PIC don tabbatar da daidaiton ƙira. An rarraba simintin zuwa matakan da yawa: matakin mafi ƙasƙanci shine simintin lantarki mai girma uku (EM), inda ake yin simintin a matakin ƙaramin tsayi, kodayake ana gudanar da hulɗar tsakanin atom a cikin kayan a ma'aunin macroscopic. Hanyoyi na yau da kullun sun haɗa da ƙayyadaddun iyaka-banbanci mai girma uku-yanki (3D FDTD) da haɓaka eigenmode (EME). Waɗannan hanyoyin sune mafi daidaito, amma ba su da amfani ga duk lokacin kwaikwayo na PIC. Mataki na gaba shine 2.5-dimensional EM simulation, kamar ƙayyadaddun bambance-bambancen katako (FD-BPM). Waɗannan hanyoyin suna da sauri da sauri, amma suna sadaukar da wasu daidaito kuma suna iya ɗaukar yaɗuwar paraxial kawai kuma ba za a iya amfani da su don yin kwaikwayon resonators ba, misali. Mataki na gaba shine simintin 2D EM, kamar 2D FDTD da 2D BPM. Waɗannan kuma suna da sauri, amma suna da iyakataccen aiki, kamar ba za su iya kwaikwayi masu jujjuyawar polarization ba. Babban matakin shine watsawa da/ko watsa simintin matrix. Ana rage kowane babban sashi zuwa wani sashi tare da shigarwa da fitarwa, kuma an rage waveguide da aka haɗa zuwa wani juzu'i da ɓarna. Waɗannan kwaikwaiyo suna da sauri sosai. Ana samun siginar fitarwa ta hanyar ninka matrix watsawa ta siginar shigarwa. Matrix watsawa (wanda abubuwan da ake kira S-parameters) suna ninka siginar shigarwa da fitarwa a gefe guda don nemo siginar shigarwa da fitarwa a daya gefen bangaren. Ainihin, matrix mai watsawa ya ƙunshi tunani a cikin kashi. Matrix watsawa yawanci sau biyu girma kamar matrix watsawa a kowane girma. A taƙaice, daga 3D EM zuwa watsawa / watsawa matrix simulation, kowane nau'i na simulation yana ba da ciniki tsakanin sauri da daidaito, kuma masu zanen kaya suna zaɓar matakin da ya dace na ƙirar ƙira don ƙayyadaddun bukatun su don inganta tsarin tabbatar da ƙira.

Koyaya, dogaro da simintin lantarki na wasu abubuwa da yin amfani da matrix watsawa/canjawa don kwaikwaya duka PIC baya bada garantin ingantaccen ƙira a gaban farantin kwarara. Misali, misalan hanyoyin da ba a ƙididdige su ba, jagororin wave na multimode waɗanda suka kasa murkushe manyan hanyoyin da suka dace, ko jagororin igiyoyin igiyar ruwa guda biyu waɗanda ke da kusanci da juna waɗanda ke haifar da matsalolin haɗaɗɗiyar ba zato ba tsammani za a iya gano su yayin kwaikwayo. Sabili da haka, kodayake kayan aikin siminti na ci gaba suna ba da damar ingantaccen ƙira mai ƙarfi, har yanzu yana buƙatar babban matakin taka tsantsan da kulawa da mai tsarawa, haɗe tare da ƙwarewar aiki da ilimin fasaha, don tabbatar da daidaito da amincin ƙira da rage haɗarin takardar kwarara.

Dabarar da ake kira sparse FDTD tana ba da damar yin simintin 3D da 2D FDTD kai tsaye akan cikakkiyar ƙirar PIC don inganta ƙira. Ko da yake yana da wahala ga kowane kayan aikin simintin lantarki na lantarki ya kwaikwayi babban sikeli PIC, FDTD maras nauyi yana iya kwaikwayi babban yanki na gari. A cikin FDTD na 3D na al'ada, simintin yana farawa ta hanyar ƙaddamar da sassa shida na filin lantarki a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙarar ƙididdigewa. Yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba, ana ƙididdige sabon ɓangaren filin a cikin ƙara, da sauransu. Kowane mataki yana buƙatar lissafi mai yawa, don haka yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo. A cikin 3D FDTD maras nauyi, maimakon ƙididdigewa a kowane mataki a kowane wuri na ƙarar, ana kiyaye jerin abubuwan abubuwan filin waɗanda za su iya dacewa da babban girma na sabani kuma za a ƙididdige su kawai don waɗannan abubuwan. A kowane mataki na lokaci, ana ƙara abubuwan da ke kusa da abubuwan filin, yayin da abubuwan da ke ƙasa da wani madaidaicin madaidaicin iko ke raguwa. Ga wasu tsarin, wannan ƙididdigewa na iya zama umarni da yawa na girma fiye da FDTD na 3D na gargajiya. Koyaya, ƙananan FDTDS ba sa aiki da kyau yayin da ake mu'amala da sifofi masu tarwatsewa saboda wannan lokacin filin yana yaduwa da yawa, yana haifar da jerin sunayen da suka yi tsayi da wuyar sarrafawa. Hoto na 1 yana nuna misalin hoton sikirin simintin FDTD na 3D mai kama da na'urar raba katako (PBS).

Hoto 1: Sakamakon kwaikwaiyo daga 3D sparse FDTD. (A) babban ra'ayi ne na tsarin da ake kwaikwaya, wanda shine mahaɗar jagora. (B) Yana nuna hoton sikirin simulation ta amfani da kuzari-TE. Zane-zane guda biyu da ke sama suna nuna saman kallon siginar quasi-TE da quasi-TM, kuma zane-zane biyu da ke ƙasa suna nuna madaidaicin ra'ayi na ɓangaren giciye. (C) Yana nuna hoton sikirin simulation ta amfani da kuzarin ƙima-TM.