Tsarinphotonicda'irar da aka haɗa
Da'irori masu haɗa hoto na Photonic(PIC) galibi ana tsara su ne da taimakon rubutun lissafi saboda mahimmancin tsayin hanya a cikin ma'aunin interferometers ko wasu aikace-aikacen da ke da alaƙa da tsawon hanya.PICAna ƙera shi ta hanyar yin zane-zane da yawa (yawanci daga 10 zuwa 30) akan wafer, wanda ya ƙunshi siffofi da yawa na polygonal, waɗanda galibi ana wakilta su a cikin tsarin GDSII. Kafin aika fayil ɗin zuwa ga masana'antar photomask, yana da matuƙar kyau a sami damar yin kwaikwayon PIC don tabbatar da daidaiton ƙirar. An raba kwaikwayon zuwa matakai da yawa: mafi ƙarancin matakin shine kwaikwayon electromagnetic (EM) mai girma uku, inda ake yin kwaikwayon a matakin ƙananan wavelength, kodayake hulɗar tsakanin atoms a cikin kayan ana sarrafa su a sikelin macroscopic. Hanyoyin da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da yanki mai girma uku na iyaka-bambanci (3D FDTD) da faɗaɗa eigenmode (EME). Waɗannan hanyoyin sune mafi daidaito, amma ba su da amfani ga duk lokacin kwaikwayon PIC. Mataki na gaba shine kwaikwayon EM mai girma 2.5, kamar yaɗa hasken iyaka-bambanci (FD-BPM). Waɗannan hanyoyin suna da sauri sosai, amma suna sadaukar da wasu daidaito kuma suna iya sarrafa yaɗawar paraxial kawai kuma ba za a iya amfani da su don kwaikwayon resonators ba, misali. Mataki na gaba shine kwaikwayon EM na 2D, kamar 2D FDTD da 2D BPM. Waɗannan kuma suna da sauri, amma suna da iyakantaccen aiki, kamar ba za su iya kwaikwayon masu juyawa na polarization ba. Wani mataki kuma shine kwaikwayon watsawa da/ko watsawa na matrix. Kowane babban sashi ana rage shi zuwa wani sashi tare da shigarwa da fitarwa, kuma an rage jagorar raƙuman ruwa da aka haɗa zuwa canjin lokaci da ragewa. Waɗannan kwaikwayon suna da sauri sosai. Ana samun siginar fitarwa ta hanyar ninka matrix ɗin watsawa ta hanyar siginar shigarwa. Matrix ɗin watsawa (wanda ake kira abubuwan S-sigogi) yana ninka siginar shigarwa da fitarwa a gefe ɗaya don nemo siginar shigarwa da fitarwa a ɗayan gefen ɓangaren. Ainihin, matrix ɗin watsawa yana ɗauke da tunani a cikin abin. Matrix ɗin watsawa yawanci ya ninka girman matrix ɗin watsawa a kowane girma. A taƙaice, daga 3D EM zuwa kwaikwayon matrix na watsawa/watsawa, kowane Layer na kwaikwayo yana gabatar da ciniki tsakanin sauri da daidaito, kuma masu zane suna zaɓar matakin kwaikwayon da ya dace don takamaiman buƙatunsu don inganta tsarin tabbatar da ƙira.
Duk da haka, dogaro da kwaikwayon lantarki na wasu abubuwa da amfani da matrix na watsawa/canja wurin don kwaikwayon PIC gaba ɗaya ba ya tabbatar da cikakken tsari a gaban farantin kwararar. Misali, ba daidai ba ne a ƙididdige tsawon hanya, jagororin raƙuman yanayi da yawa waɗanda suka kasa danne yanayin manyan ayyuka, ko jagororin raƙuman ruwa guda biyu waɗanda suka yi kusa da juna waɗanda ke haifar da matsalolin haɗuwa da ba zato ba tsammani za a iya gano su yayin kwaikwayon. Saboda haka, kodayake kayan aikin kwaikwayo na ci gaba suna ba da ƙarfin tabbatar da ƙira, har yanzu yana buƙatar babban matakin kulawa da dubawa mai kyau daga mai ƙira, tare da ƙwarewa da ilimin fasaha, don tabbatar da daidaito da amincin ƙirar da rage haɗarin takardar kwararar.
Wata dabara da ake kira sparse FDTD tana ba da damar yin kwaikwayon 3D da 2D FDTD kai tsaye akan cikakken ƙirar PIC don tabbatar da ƙirar. Ko da yake yana da wahala ga kowane kayan aikin kwaikwayo na lantarki ya kwaikwayi babban PIC mai girma, frase FDTD yana iya kwaikwayon babban yanki na gida. A cikin 3D FDTD na gargajiya, kwaikwayon yana farawa ta hanyar fara sassa shida na filin lantarki a cikin takamaiman girman da aka ƙididdige. Yayin da lokaci ke ci gaba, ana ƙididdige sabon ɓangaren filin a cikin girman, da sauransu. Kowane mataki yana buƙatar lissafi mai yawa, don haka yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo. A cikin 3D FDTD mai rarrafe, maimakon ƙididdigewa a kowane mataki a kowane wuri na girman, ana kiyaye jerin abubuwan filin waɗanda za su iya dacewa da babban girma ba bisa ƙa'ida ba kuma za a iya ƙididdige su kawai don waɗannan abubuwan. A kowane mataki na lokaci, ana ƙara maki kusa da abubuwan filin, yayin da aka sauke abubuwan filin da ke ƙasa da wani takamaiman matakin ƙarfi. Ga wasu tsare-tsare, wannan ƙididdigewa na iya zama umarni da yawa na girma da sauri fiye da 3D FDTD na gargajiya. Duk da haka, FDTDS masu kunkuntar ba sa aiki da kyau lokacin da ake mu'amala da tsarin warwatsewa saboda wannan filin lokaci yana yaɗuwa da yawa, wanda ke haifar da jerin da suka yi tsayi da wahalar sarrafawa. Hoto na 1 yana nuna misali na hoton hoto na kwaikwayon FDTD na 3D wanda yayi kama da mai raba haske na polarization (PBS).
Hoto na 1: Sakamakon kwaikwayo daga FDTD mai faɗi na 3D. (A) hoton saman tsarin da ake kwaikwayonsa ne, wanda shine mahaɗin hanya. (B) Yana nuna hoton hoton kwaikwayo ta amfani da motsin quasi-TE. Zane-zane biyu da ke sama suna nuna hoton saman siginar quasi-TE da quasi-TM, kuma zane-zane biyu da ke ƙasa suna nuna hoton giciye mai dacewa. (C) Yana nuna hoton kwaikwayo ta amfani da motsin quasi-TM.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-23-2024