Optocouplers, waɗanda ke haɗa da'irori ta amfani da siginar gani a matsayin matsakaici, wani abu ne mai aiki a cikin wuraren da ainihin ma'auni ba dole ba ne, kamar su acoustics, magani da masana'antu, saboda babban ƙarfinsu da amincin su, kamar dorewa da rufi.
Amma yaushe kuma a cikin waɗanne yanayi na'urar daukar hotan takardu ke aiki, kuma menene ka'ida a bayansa? Ko kuma lokacin da kuke amfani da na'urar daukar hoto a zahiri a cikin aikin ku na lantarki, ƙila ba za ku san yadda za ku zaɓa da amfani da shi ba. Saboda optocoupler yana yawan rikicewa da "phototransistor" da "photodiode". Saboda haka, abin da ke da photocoupler za a gabatar a cikin wannan labarin.
Menene na'urar daukar hoto?
Optocoupler wani bangaren lantarki ne wanda ilimin sanin ilimin sa na gani ne
coupler, wanda ke nufin "haɗin kai da haske." Wani lokaci kuma ana kiranta da optocoupler, isolator na gani, insulation na gani, da dai sauransu. Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan fiɗar haske da nau'in karɓar haske, kuma yana haɗa kewaye gefen shigarwa da kewaya gefen fitarwa ta siginar gani. Babu haɗin lantarki tsakanin waɗannan da'irori, a wasu kalmomi, a cikin yanayin rufewa. Don haka, haɗin da'irar tsakanin shigarwa da fitarwa ya bambanta kuma siginar kawai ake watsawa. Haɗa da'irori cikin aminci tare da mabanbantan shigarwa da matakan ƙarfin fitarwa, tare da babban ƙarfin wuta tsakanin shigarwa da fitarwa.
Bugu da kari, ta hanyar watsawa ko toshe wannan siginar haske, tana aiki azaman mai canzawa. Za a yi bayani dalla-dalla da ƙa'ida da tsarin aiki daga baya, amma abin da ke fitar da haske na na'urar daukar hoto shine LED (hasken diode).
Daga 1960s zuwa 1970s, lokacin da aka ƙirƙira ledoji kuma ci gaban fasaharsu ya kasance mai mahimmanci.optoelectronicsya zama albarku. A lokacin, daban-dabanna'urorin ganiaka ƙirƙira, kuma na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto na ɗaya daga cikinsu. Daga baya, optoelectronics da sauri ya shiga cikin rayuwarmu.
① Ka'ida/ka'ida
Ka'idar optocoupler ita ce bangaren da ke fitar da haske yana canza siginar shigar da siginar lantarki zuwa haske, kuma bangaren da ke karban hasken yana watsa siginar wutar lantarki ta baya zuwa bangaren fitarwa. Abubuwan da ke fitar da haske da kuma abin da ke karɓar hasken suna cikin toshewar hasken waje ne, kuma su biyun suna gaba da juna ne don isar da haske.
Semiconductor da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin abubuwan da ke fitar da haske shine LED (diode mai fitar da haske). A gefe guda, akwai nau'ikan semiconductor da yawa da ake amfani da su a cikin na'urori masu karɓar haske, dangane da yanayin amfani, girman waje, farashi, da sauransu, amma gabaɗaya, wanda aka fi amfani dashi shine phototransistor.
Lokacin da ba a aiki ba, masu ɗaukar hoto suna ɗaukar kaɗan daga cikin na yanzu waɗanda na'urori na yau da kullun suke yi. A lokacin da Haske Haske a can, daukar hoto yana haifar da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a farfajiya na P-Typee Semiconductor a cikin P yankin kwarara zuwa cikin n yankin, kuma halin yanzu zai gudana.
Phototransistors ba su da amsa kamar photodiodes, amma kuma suna da tasirin haɓaka fitarwa zuwa ɗaruruwan zuwa sau 1,000 na siginar shigarwa (saboda filin lantarki na ciki). Saboda haka, suna da hankali sosai don ɗaukar sigina masu rauni, wanda shine fa'ida.
A gaskiya ma, "mai hana haske" da muke gani shine na'urar lantarki tare da ka'ida da tsari iri ɗaya.
Koyaya, yawanci ana amfani da masu katse haske azaman firikwensin kuma suna aiwatar da aikinsu ta hanyar wuce wani abu mai toshe haske tsakanin nau'in mai ba da haske da abun da ke karɓar haske. Alal misali, ana iya amfani da shi don gano tsabar kuɗi da takardun banki a cikin injinan siyarwa da ATMs.
② Features
Tun da optocoupler yana watsa sigina ta hanyar haske, rufin da ke tsakanin ɓangaren shigarwa da ɓangaren fitarwa shine babban fasali. Babban abin rufe fuska baya shafar su cikin sauƙi amo, amma kuma yana hana kwararar haɗari na halin yanzu tsakanin da'irar da ke kusa, wanda ke da matukar tasiri dangane da aminci. Kuma tsarin kanta yana da sauƙi mai sauƙi kuma mai dacewa.
Saboda dogon tarihinsa, wadataccen jeri na samfuran masana'antun daban-daban shima wata fa'ida ce ta musamman na masu amfani da kayan gani. Domin babu haɗin jiki, lalacewa tsakanin sassan ƙananan ƙananan ne, kuma rayuwa ta fi tsayi. A gefe guda, akwai kuma halaye cewa ingancin haske yana da sauƙin canzawa, saboda LED ɗin zai ragu sannu a hankali tare da wucewar lokaci da canjin yanayin zafi.
Musamman lokacin da ɓangaren ciki na filastik m na dogon lokaci, ya zama girgije, ba zai iya zama haske mai kyau ba. Duk da haka, a kowane hali, rayuwa ta yi tsayi da yawa idan aka kwatanta da lambar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa.
Phototransistors gabaɗaya suna da hankali fiye da photodiodes, don haka ba a amfani da su don sadarwa mai sauri. Duk da haka, wannan ba aibi ba ne, saboda wasu abubuwan da aka gyara suna da da'irar haɓakawa a gefen fitarwa don ƙara gudu. A gaskiya ma, ba duk na'urorin lantarki ba ne suke buƙatar ƙara gudu.
③ Amfani
Photoelectric ma'aurataana amfani da su musamman don sauya aiki. Za a yi amfani da kewayawa ta hanyar kunna mai kunnawa, amma daga ra'ayi na halayen da ke sama, musamman ma rufewa da tsawon rai, ya dace da yanayin da ke buƙatar babban aminci. Misali, amo abokin gaba ne na kayan lantarki da na'urorin sauti/kayan sadarwa.
Hakanan ana amfani dashi a cikin tsarin tuƙi. Dalilin da ya sa injin din shi ne, injin inverter yana sarrafa saurin gudu idan ana tuka shi, amma yana haifar da hayaniya saboda yawan fitarwa. Wannan amo ba kawai zai sa motar kanta ta kasa ba, amma kuma tana gudana ta cikin "ƙasa" da ke shafar sassan. Musamman na'urorin da ke da dogon wayoyi suna da sauƙin ɗaukar wannan hayaniyar hayaniya, don haka idan hakan ya faru a masana'antar, zai haifar da asara mai yawa kuma wani lokacin yana haifar da munanan hatsari. Ta yin amfani da na'urori masu ƙorafi don sauyawa, ana iya rage tasirin wasu da'irori da na'urori.
Na biyu, yadda ake zabar da amfani da na'urar gani da ido
Yadda ake amfani da madaidaicin optocoupler don aikace-aikace a ƙirar samfuri? Injiniyoyin haɓaka microcontroller masu zuwa za su yi bayanin yadda ake zaɓa da amfani da na'urorin gani.
① Koyaushe buɗe kuma koyaushe rufe
Nau'i na photocoupler iri biyu ne: Nau'in da ake kashe shi (a kashe) idan ba a kunna wutar lantarki ba, nau'in da ake kunna wuta lokacin da ake kunna wutar lantarki, da nau'in wutar lantarki. ana kunnawa lokacin da babu wutar lantarki. Aiwatar da kashe lokacin da ake amfani da wutar lantarki.
Ana kiran na farko a buɗe a buɗe, kuma ana kiran na ƙarshe a rufe. Yadda za a zaɓa, na farko ya dogara da irin nau'in da'irar da kuke buƙata.
② Duba ƙarfin fitarwa na halin yanzu da ƙarfin aiki
Photocouplers suna da kaddarorin haɓaka siginar, amma ba koyaushe suna wucewa ta ƙarfin lantarki da halin yanzu yadda ake so ba. Tabbas, ana ƙididdige shi, amma ana buƙatar yin amfani da wutar lantarki daga ɓangaren shigarwa gwargwadon abin da ake so.
Idan muka dubi takardar bayanan samfurin, za mu iya ganin ginshiƙi inda madaidaicin axis shine abin fitarwa na yanzu (mai tattarawa) kuma axis a kwance shine ƙarfin shigarwa (voltage mai tara-emitter). A halin yanzu mai tarawa ya bambanta bisa ga ƙarfin hasken LED, don haka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki gwargwadon abin da ake so.
Duk da haka, kuna iya tunanin cewa fitarwa na yanzu da aka ƙididdige a nan yana da ban mamaki kaɗan. Wannan ita ce ƙimar halin yanzu wanda har yanzu ana iya fitar da dogaro da gaske bayan la'akari da lalacewar LED akan lokaci, don haka bai kai matsakaicin ƙimar ba.
Akasin haka, akwai lokuta inda abubuwan da ake fitarwa ba su da girma. Saboda haka, lokacin zabar optocoupler, tabbatar da duba a hankali "fitarwa halin yanzu" kuma zaɓi samfurin da ya dace da shi.
③ Mafi girman halin yanzu
Matsakaicin gudanarwa na yanzu shine matsakaicin ƙimar halin yanzu wanda optocoupler zai iya jurewa lokacin gudanarwa. Har ila yau, muna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa mun san yawan fitarwar da aikin ke buƙata da kuma abin da ƙarfin shigarwar yake kafin mu saya. Tabbatar cewa matsakaicin ƙima da abin da ake amfani da shi na yanzu ba iyaka ba ne, amma akwai ɗan gefe.
④ Saita mai ɗaukar hoto daidai
Bayan zaɓar madaidaicin optocoupler, bari mu yi amfani da shi a cikin aikin gaske. Shigar da kanta yana da sauƙi, kawai haɗa tashoshi da aka haɗa zuwa kowane da'irar gefen shigarwa da gefen fitarwa. Duk da haka, ya kamata a kula da kada a yi ɓarna a ɓangaren shigarwa da ɓangaren fitarwa. Don haka, dole ne ku kuma bincika alamomin da ke cikin tebur ɗin bayanai, ta yadda ba za ku ga cewa ƙafar ma'aunin hoto ba daidai ba ne bayan zana allon PCB.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-29-2023