TW class attosecond X-ray bugun jini Laser

TW class attosecond X-ray bugun jini Laser
X-ray na biyubugun jini Lasertare da babban iko da ɗan gajeren lokaci bugun bugun jini shine maɓalli don cimma ultrafast mara kyau na spectroscopy da hoton diffraction X-ray. Tawagar bincike a Amurka ta yi amfani da ɓangarorin kashi biyuX-ray Laser electron freedon fitar da ƙwararrun bugun jini na biyu. Idan aka kwatanta da rahotannin da ake da su, matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙarfin bugun jini yana ƙaruwa da tsari mai girma, matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙarfin 1.1 TW, kuma matsakaicin makamashi ya fi 100 μJ. Har ila yau, binciken ya ba da shaida mai ƙarfi don halayen haɓaka kamar soliton a cikin filin X-ray.Laser masu ƙarfisun kori sabbin wuraren bincike da yawa, gami da babban filin kimiyyar lissafi, spectroscopy na attosecond, da na'urar kara kuzari ta Laser. Daga cikin nau'ikan lasers, ana amfani da hasken X-ray sosai a cikin binciken likita, gano aibi na masana'antu, binciken aminci da binciken kimiyya. Laser free-electron na X-ray (XFEL) na iya ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfin X-ray mafi girma ta umarni da yawa na girma idan aka kwatanta da sauran fasahar tsara X-ray, don haka ƙara aikace-aikacen hasken X-ray zuwa filin da ba na kan layi ba da kuma guda-daya- rarrabuwar ɓangarorin hoto inda ake buƙatar babban iko. Nasarar da aka yi na ƙarshe na ƙarshe na XFEL na baya-bayan nan babbar nasara ce a kimiyya da fasaha ta biyu, yana haɓaka ƙarfin kololuwa da sama da umarni shida na girma idan aka kwatanta da tushen X-ray na benchtop.

Free electron Laserna iya samun kuzarin bugun jini da yawa umarni masu girma sama da matakin fitar da hayaki na kwatsam ta hanyar amfani da rashin zaman lafiya na gamayya, wanda ke faruwa ta hanyar ci gaba da mu'amalar filin radiyo a cikin katakon lantarki mai alaƙa da maganadisu oscillator. A cikin kewayon X-ray mai wuya (kimanin 0.01 nm zuwa 0.1 nm tsayin raƙuman ruwa), ana samun FEL ta hanyar matsawa damtse da fasahohin coning bayan jikewa. A cikin kewayon X-ray mai laushi (kimanin 0.1 nm zuwa 10 nm tsayin raƙuman ruwa), FEL ana aiwatar da ita ta hanyar fasahar yankan sabo. Kwanan nan, an bayar da rahoton cewa ana samar da bugun bugun na biyu tare da mafi girman ƙarfin GW 100 ta amfani da ingantacciyar hanyar haɓakar iska ta kai tsaye (ESASE).

Ƙungiyar binciken ta yi amfani da tsarin haɓaka matakai biyu dangane da XFEL don haɓaka fitarwa mai laushi na X-ray a karo na biyu daga madaidaicin linac.tushen haskezuwa matakin TW, wani tsari na ingantaccen girma akan sakamakon da aka ruwaito. Ana nuna saitin gwaji a cikin Hoto 1. Dangane da hanyar ESASE, ana canza mai fitar da photocathode don samun igiyar lantarki tare da babban karu na yanzu, kuma ana amfani dashi don samar da bugun jini na X-ray na attosecond. Na farko bugun jini yana a gefen gaba na karu na electron katako, kamar yadda aka nuna a sama a kusurwar hagu na Hoto 1. Lokacin da XFEL ya kai jikewa, da electron katako yana jinkiri dangane da X-ray ta wani Magnetic compressor. sa'an nan bugun jini yana hulɗa tare da igiyar lantarki (sabo ne yanki) wanda ba a canza shi ta hanyar ESASE modulation ko FEL laser ba. A ƙarshe, ana amfani da undulator na maganadisu na biyu don ƙara haɓaka hasken X-ray ta hanyar hulɗar bugun jini na attosecond tare da sabon yanki.

FIG. 1 Tsarin na'urar gwaji; Hoton yana nuna sararin lokaci mai tsayi (tsarin kuzarin lokaci na lantarki, kore), bayanin martaba na yanzu (blue), da radiation da aka samar ta hanyar haɓakawa na farko (purple). XTCAV, X-band mai juzu'i; cVMI, tsarin tsarin taswirar saurin coaxial; FZP, Fresnel band farantin spectrometer

An gina dukkan nau'in bugun jini na attosecond daga hayaniya, don haka kowane bugun jini yana da nau'ikan sifofi daban-daban da kaddarorin lokaci, waɗanda masu binciken suka bincika dalla-dalla. A cikin sharuddan Spectra, sun yi amfani da wani freesl Band Plat Spectrometer don auna abin da ba a cika maki ba ko da bayan faduwar sakandare, wanda ke nuna cewa puls ya nuna Unital. A cikin yanki na lokaci, ana auna gefuna na kusurwa kuma ana siffanta yanayin yanayin lokaci na bugun bugun jini. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na 1, bugun jini na X-ray yana lullube da bugun bugun infrared mai madauwari. Photoelectrons ionized ta hanyar bugun jini na X-ray zai haifar da ramuka a cikin alkibla da ta saba da yuwuwar vector na Laser infrared. Domin filin lantarki na Laser yana jujjuyawa tare da lokaci, saurin rarraba photoelectron yana ƙayyade lokacin fitar da wutar lantarki, kuma dangantaka tsakanin yanayin angular na lokacin watsi da lokacin rarraba photoelectron yana samuwa. Ana auna rabon lokacin photoelectron ta amfani da na'urar daukar hoto mai saurin taswira coaxial. Dangane da rarrabawa da sakamako na gani, za'a iya sake gina tsarin raƙuman yanki na lokaci-yanki na bugun jini na biyu. Hoto 2 (a) yana nuna rarraba tsawon lokacin bugun jini, tare da tsaka-tsaki na 440 kamar yadda. A ƙarshe, an yi amfani da na'ura mai kula da iskar gas don auna ƙarfin bugun jini, kuma an ƙididdige ma'anar rarraba tsakanin ƙarfin bugun jini da tsawon lokacin bugun jini kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 2 (b). Saitunan guda uku sun yi daidai da yanayi daban-daban na mayar da hankali kan katako na lantarki, yanayin karkatarwa da yanayin jinkirin damfara. Saitunan guda uku sun ba da matsakaicin ƙarfin bugun bugun jini na 150, 200, da 260 µJ, bi da bi, tare da matsakaicin ƙarfin 1.1 TW.

Hoto 2. (a) Rarraba histogram na rabin tsayi Cikakken nisa (FWHM) tsawon lokacin bugun jini; (b) Rarraba makircin da ya dace da ƙarfin kololuwa da tsawon lokacin bugun jini

Bugu da kari, binciken ya kuma lura a karon farko abin da ya faru na soliton-kamar superemission a cikin rukunin X-ray, wanda ke bayyana a matsayin ci gaba da rage bugun jini yayin haɓakawa. Yana faruwa ne ta hanyar mu'amala mai ƙarfi tsakanin electrons da radiation, tare da saurin tura makamashi daga electron zuwa kan bugun jini na X-ray da kuma komawa zuwa electron daga wutsiya na bugun jini. Ta hanyar zurfafa nazarin wannan al'amari, ana sa ran cewa za a iya samun bugun jini na X-ray tare da ɗan gajeren lokaci da ƙarfin kololuwa ta hanyar tsawaita tsarin haɓakawa na superradiation da cin gajiyar rage bugun bugun jini a cikin yanayin soliton.