Ma'auratan jagora sune daidaitattun abubuwan haɗin microwave/milimita a ma'aunin microwave da sauran tsarin microwave. Ana iya amfani da su don keɓewar siginar, rabuwa, da haɗuwa, irin su saka idanu na wutar lantarki, daidaitawar wutar lantarki ta tushe, keɓewar siginar siginar, watsawa da gogewa ta mitar gwajin, da dai sauransu. Yana da mai rarraba wutar lantarki ta hanyar lantarki, kuma yana da mahimmancin bangaren. a cikin mitoci masu share-fure na zamani. Yawancin lokaci, akwai nau'o'i da yawa, irin su waveguide, layin coaxial, stripline, da microstrip.
Hoto 1 zane ne na tsari. Ya ƙunshi sassa biyu, babban layi da layin taimako, wanda aka haɗa tare da juna ta hanyoyi daban-daban na ƙananan ramuka, tsaga, da gibba. Saboda haka, wani ɓangare na shigar da wutar lantarki daga “1″ akan ƙarshen babban layi za a haɗa shi zuwa layin na biyu. Saboda tsangwama ko babban matsayi na raƙuman ruwa, za a watsa wutar ne kawai tare da layi na biyu-daya (wanda ake kira "gaba"), ɗayan kuma kusan babu watsa wutar lantarki a cikin tsari ɗaya (wanda ake kira "reverse").
Hoto 2 shine ma'auni na giciye, ɗaya daga cikin tashar jiragen ruwa a cikin ma'auni yana haɗawa da kayan aiki mai dacewa.
Aikace-aikacen Ma'aurata Direction
1, don tsarin haɗa wutar lantarki
Ana amfani da ma'auratan jagora na 3dB (wanda aka fi sani da gada 3dB) a cikin tsarin haɗin mitar mai ɗaukar kaya da yawa, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke ƙasa. Irin wannan kewayawa ya zama ruwan dare a cikin tsarin rarraba cikin gida. Bayan siginar f1 da f2 daga na'urorin haɓaka wutar lantarki guda biyu sun wuce ta hanyar haɗin kai na 3dB, fitowar kowane tashoshi yana ƙunshe da abubuwan mitar guda biyu f1 da f2, kuma 3dB yana rage girman girman kowane ɓangaren mitar. Idan ɗaya daga cikin tashoshi na fitarwa yana da alaƙa da nauyin ɗaukar nauyi, ɗayan fitarwar za a iya amfani da shi azaman tushen wutar lantarki na tsarin ma'aunin ma'auni. Idan kana buƙatar ƙara haɓaka keɓewar, za ka iya ƙara wasu abubuwa kamar masu tacewa da masu keɓewa. Warewa gadar 3dB da aka tsara da kyau zai iya zama fiye da 33dB.
Ana amfani da ma'auni na jagora a tsarin hada wutar lantarki daya.
Yankin gully na jagora kamar yadda wani aikace-aikacen hada wutar lantarki ana nuna shi a adadi (a) a ƙasa. A cikin wannan da'irar, an yi amfani da kai tsaye na ma'auratan da wayo. Tsammanin cewa matakan haɗakarwa na ma'auratan biyu duka 10dB ne kuma jagorar duka 25dB ne, keɓance tsakanin f1 da f2 ƙare shine 45dB. Idan abubuwan da ke cikin f1 da f2 duka 0dBm ne, abin da aka haɗa duka shine -10dBm. Idan aka kwatanta da Wilkinson coupler a cikin adadi (b) a ƙasa (ƙimar keɓantawa ta al'ada ita ce 20dB), siginar shigarwa iri ɗaya na OdBm, bayan haɗawa, akwai -3dBm (ba tare da la'akari da asarar shigarwa ba). Idan aka kwatanta da yanayin tsaka-tsaki, muna ƙara siginar shigarwa a cikin adadi (a) ta 7dB domin fitowar ta ya yi daidai da adadi (b). A wannan lokacin, keɓancewar tsakanin f1 da f2 a adadi (a) “raguwa” “Shine 38 dB. Sakamakon kwatancen ƙarshe shine cewa hanyar haɗin wutar lantarki ta hanyar haɗin kai shine 18dB sama da na Wilkinson. Wannan makirci ya dace da ma'aunin ma'auni na amplifiers goma.
Ana amfani da ma'auni na jagora a tsarin hada wutar lantarki 2
2, ana amfani da shi don ma'aunin hana tsangwama mai karɓa ko ma'aunin zagi
A cikin gwajin RF da tsarin aunawa, ana iya ganin kewayar da aka nuna a hoton da ke ƙasa sau da yawa. A ce DUT (na'ura ko kayan aiki a ƙarƙashin gwaji) mai karɓa ne. A wannan yanayin, ana iya allurar siginar kutsawa ta tashar da ke kusa a cikin mai karɓa ta ƙarshen haɗin kai na ma'auratan jagora. Sa'an nan kuma haɗe-haɗe mai gwadawa da aka haɗa da su ta hanyar haɗin kai na iya gwada juriya mai karɓa - aikin tsangwama dubu. Idan DUT wayar salula ce, za a iya kunna watsawar wayar ta cikakken ma'aunin gwaji da ke da alaƙa da ƙarshen mahaɗar mahaɗar kwatance. Sa'an nan za a iya amfani da spectrum analyzer don auna ficewar da wayar wurin ke fitowa. Tabbas, ya kamata a ƙara wasu da'irori masu tacewa kafin nazartar bakan. Tun da wannan misalin yana magana ne kawai game da aikace-aikacen ma'auratan jagora, an ƙetare da'irar tacewa.
Ana amfani da ma'auratan jagora don ma'aunin tsangwama na mai karɓa ko tsayin daka na wayar salula.
A cikin wannan da'irar gwaji, kai tsaye na ma'auratan jagora yana da mahimmanci. Mai nazarin bakan da aka haɗa zuwa ƙarshen kawai yana son karɓar sigina daga DUT kuma baya son karɓar kalmar wucewa daga ƙarshen haɗawa.
3, don samfurin sigina da saka idanu
Aunawa akan layi da saka idanu na iya kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin aikace-aikacen da aka fi amfani da su na ma'auratan kwatance. Hoto mai zuwa shine aikace-aikace na al'ada na ma'auratan jagora don ma'aunin tushe na salon salula. A ce ƙarfin fitarwar mai watsawa shine 43dBm (20W), haɗakar ma'amalar jagora. Ƙimar ita ce 30dB, asarar shigarwa (asarar layi tare da asarar haɗuwa) shine 0.15dB. Ƙarshen haɗakarwa yana da siginar 13dBm (20mW) da aka aika zuwa mai gwada tashar tushe, fitowar kai tsaye na mahaɗar jagorar ita ce 42.85dBm (19.3W), kuma ruwan yayyo shine ikon da ke gefen keɓe yana ɗaukar nauyi.
Ana amfani da ma'auni na jagora don auna tashar tushe.
Kusan duk masu watsawa suna amfani da wannan hanyar don yin samfura da saka idanu akan layi, kuma wataƙila wannan hanya ce kawai zata iya ba da tabbacin gwajin aikin mai watsawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun. Amma ya kamata a lura da cewa shi ne mai watsawa gwajin, kuma daban-daban testers suna da daban-daban damuwa. Ɗaukar tashoshin tushe na WCDMA a matsayin misali, masu aiki dole ne su kula da masu nuna alama a cikin rukunin mitar aiki (2110 ~ 2170MHz), kamar ingancin sigina, wutar lantarki, tashar tashar kusa, da dai sauransu. Ƙarshen fitarwa na tashar tushe A kunkuntar maɗaukaki (kamar 2110 ~ 2170MHz) mahaɗar jagora don saka idanu akan yanayin aiki na cikin-band mai watsawa kuma aika shi zuwa cibiyar sarrafawa a kowane lokaci.
Idan mai kula da bakan mitar rediyo ne - tashar sa ido ta rediyo don gwada alamun tashar tushe mai laushi, hankalinsa gaba ɗaya ya bambanta. Dangane da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun buƙatun gudanarwa na rediyo, ana ƙara kewayon mitar gwajin zuwa 9kHz ~ 12.75GHz, kuma tashar tushe da aka gwada tana da faɗi sosai. Yaya za a haifar da ruɗaɗɗen radiyo a cikin rukunin mitar kuma yana tsoma baki tare da aiki na yau da kullun na wasu tashoshin tushe? Damuwar tashoshin sa ido na rediyo. A wannan lokacin, ana buƙatar ma'aikacin jagora tare da bandwidth iri ɗaya don samfurin sigina, amma ma'aunin jagora wanda zai iya rufe 9kHz ~ 12.75GHz ba ze wanzu ba. Mun san cewa tsayin hannun mahaɗin mahaɗar ma'amala yana da alaƙa da mitar ta tsakiya. Matsakaicin bandwidth na mahaɗar jagora mai fa'ida mai fa'ida zai iya cimma madafan octave 5-6, kamar 0.5-18GHz, amma rukunin mitar da ke ƙasa da 500MHz ba za a iya rufe shi ba.
4, auna karfin kan layi
A cikin fasahar auna wutar lantarki ta nau'in nau'in wutar lantarki, mahaɗar jagora abu ne mai mahimmanci. Hoton da ke gaba yana nuna zane-zane na tsarin ma'auni mai ƙarfi na yau da kullun. Ƙarfin gaba daga amplifier ƙarƙashin Gwaji ana yin samfurin ta ƙarshen haɗaɗɗiyar gaba (tasha 3) na mahaɗar jagora kuma a aika zuwa mitar wuta. Ƙarfin da aka nuna ana yin samfurin ta tashar mai juyawa (terminal 4) kuma a aika zuwa mitar wuta.
Ana amfani da ma'auni na jagora don ma'aunin ƙarfi mai girma.
Da fatan za a kula: Bugu da ƙari ga karɓar ƙarfin da aka nuna daga kaya, tashar tasha ta baya (terminal 4) tana karɓar ikon yabo daga gaba (terminal 1), wanda ke haifar da kai tsaye na ma'amalar jagora. Ƙarfin da aka nuna shine abin da mai gwadawa ke fatan aunawa, kuma ƙarfin yabo shine farkon tushen kurakurai a cikin ma'aunin ƙarfin da aka nuna. Ƙarfin da aka nuna da ikon yayyowa ana sama da su akan ƙarshen haɗaɗɗiyar baya (ƙarshen 4) sannan a aika zuwa mitar wuta. Tunda hanyoyin watsa sigina biyu sun bambanta, babban matsayi ne. Idan shigar da wutar lantarki zuwa mitar wutar lantarki za a iya kwatanta shi da ƙarfin da ake nunawa, zai haifar da babban kuskuren auna.
Tabbas, ikon da aka nuna daga kaya (ƙarshen 2) zai kuma zube zuwa ƙarshen haɗin gwiwa na gaba (ƙarshen 1, ba a nuna a cikin adadi a sama ba). Duk da haka, girmansa kadan ne idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfin gaba, wanda ke auna ƙarfin gaba. Za a iya yin watsi da kuskuren da ya haifar.
Beijing Rofea Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. dake cikin "Silicon Valley" na kasar Sin - Beijing Zhongguancun, wani babban kamfani ne na fasaha da aka sadaukar don hidimar cibiyoyin bincike na gida da na waje, cibiyoyin bincike, jami'o'i da ma'aikatan binciken kimiyya na masana'antu. Kamfaninmu ya fi tsunduma cikin bincike mai zaman kansa da haɓakawa, ƙira, masana'antu, tallace-tallace na samfuran optoelectronic, kuma yana ba da sabbin hanyoyin warwarewa da ƙwararru, keɓaɓɓen sabis don masu binciken kimiyya da injiniyoyin masana'antu. Bayan shekaru masu tasowa masu zaman kansu, ya samar da samfurori masu kyau da cikakke na samfurori na photoelectric, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su sosai a cikin gundumomi, soja, sufuri, wutar lantarki, kudi, ilimi, likita da sauran masana'antu.
Muna fatan samun haɗin gwiwa tare da ku!
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-20-2023