Maƙallan jagora sune abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su a cikin ma'aunin microwave/millimeter na raƙuman ruwa a cikin ma'aunin microwave da sauran tsarin microwave. Ana iya amfani da su don ware sigina, rabuwa, da haɗawa, kamar sa ido kan wutar lantarki, daidaita ƙarfin fitarwa na tushen, ware tushen sigina, gwajin watsawa da mitoci na gani, da sauransu. Rarraba wutar microwave ne na alkibla, kuma muhimmin sashi ne a cikin na'urorin auna mitar haske na zamani. Yawanci, akwai nau'ikan iri-iri, kamar jagorar raƙuman ruwa, layin coaxial, layin layi, da microstrip.
Siffa ta 1 zane ne na tsarin. Ya ƙunshi sassa biyu, babban layi da layin taimako, wanda aka haɗa su da juna ta hanyoyi daban-daban na ƙananan ramuka, rabe-raben, da gibba. Saboda haka, wani ɓangare na shigar da wutar lantarki daga "1″ a ƙarshen babban layi za a haɗa shi da layin sakandare. Saboda tsangwama ko haɗuwa da raƙuman ruwa, wutar za ta kasance ta hanyar layin sakandare kawai - alkibla ɗaya (wanda ake kira "gaba"), ɗayan kuma Babu kusan watsa wutar lantarki a tsari ɗaya (wanda ake kira "juya")
Hoto na 2 mahaɗi ne mai haɗa hanya, ɗaya daga cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa a cikin mahaɗin an haɗa shi da kayan haɗin da aka gina a ciki.
Amfani da Maƙallin Hanya
1, don tsarin haɗa wutar lantarki
Ana amfani da mahaɗin jagora na 3dB (wanda aka fi sani da gadar 3dB) a cikin tsarin haɗa mitar mai ɗaukar kaya da yawa, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa. Wannan nau'in da'ira ya zama ruwan dare a cikin tsarin rarrabawa na cikin gida. Bayan siginar f1 da f2 daga amplifiers masu ƙarfi guda biyu sun ratsa ta hanyar mahaɗin jagora na 3dB, fitowar kowane tasha ta ƙunshi sassan mita guda biyu f1 da f2, kuma 3dB yana rage girman kowane ɓangaren mita. Idan ɗaya daga cikin tashoshin fitarwa ya haɗu da nauyin sha, ana iya amfani da ɗayan fitarwa azaman tushen wutar lantarki na tsarin auna intermodulation mara aiki. Idan kuna buƙatar inganta keɓewa gaba, kuna iya ƙara wasu abubuwa kamar matattara da masu rabawa. Warewar gadar 3dB mai kyau na iya zama fiye da 33dB.
Ana amfani da mahaɗin jagora wajen haɗa tsarin wutar lantarki na ɗaya.
An nuna yankin gully na alkibla a matsayin wani aikace-aikacen haɗakar wutar lantarki a cikin hoto (a) da ke ƙasa. A cikin wannan da'irar, an yi amfani da kai tsaye na mahaɗin alkibla cikin hikima. Idan aka yi la'akari da cewa matakan haɗin gwiwa na mahaɗin biyu duka 10dB ne kuma kai tsaye duka 25dB ne, keɓancewa tsakanin ƙarshen f1 da f2 shine 45dB. Idan shigarwar f1 da f2 duka 0dBm ne, haɗakar fitarwa duka shine -10dBm. Idan aka kwatanta da mahaɗin Wilkinson a cikin hoto (b) da ke ƙasa (ƙimar warewar ta yau da kullun ita ce 20dB), siginar shigarwa iri ɗaya ta OdBm, bayan haɗawa, akwai -3dBm (ba tare da la'akari da asarar shigarwa ba). Idan aka kwatanta da yanayin tsakanin samfura, muna ƙara siginar shigarwa a cikin hoto (a) da 7dB don fitowar ta ta yi daidai da hoto (b). A wannan lokacin, warewa tsakanin f1 da f2 a cikin hoto (a) yana "raguwa" "Shi ne 38 dB. Sakamakon kwatancen ƙarshe shine cewa hanyar haɗa ƙarfin mahaɗin jagora ta fi 18dB girma fiye da mahaɗin Wilkinson. Wannan tsarin ya dace da ma'aunin integral na amplifiers goma.
Ana amfani da mahaɗin jagora a cikin tsarin haɗa wutar lantarki na 2
2, ana amfani da shi don aunawa da hana tsangwama ga mai karɓa ko kuma aunawa ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba
A cikin tsarin gwaji da aunawa na RF, ana iya ganin da'irar da aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa sau da yawa. A ce DUT (na'ura ko kayan aiki da ake gwadawa) mai karɓa ne. A wannan yanayin, ana iya allurar siginar tsangwama ta tashar da ke kusa da mai karɓa ta ƙarshen haɗin mahaɗin jagora. Sannan mai gwaji da aka haɗa da su ta hanyar haɗin jagora zai iya gwada juriyar mai karɓa - aikin tsangwama dubu. Idan DUT wayar salula ce, ana iya kunna mai watsa wayar ta hanyar mai gwaji mai cikakken bayani wanda aka haɗa da ƙarshen haɗin mahaɗin jagora. Sannan ana iya amfani da mai nazarin bakan don auna fitowar wayar da ba ta dace ba. Tabbas, ya kamata a ƙara wasu da'irori na tacewa kafin mai nazarin bakan. Tunda wannan misalin yana magana ne kawai game da aikace-aikacen mahaɗin jagora, an cire da'irar tacewa.
Ana amfani da mahaɗin da ke kan hanya don auna tsayin wayar salula ko kuma hana tsangwama.
A cikin wannan da'irar gwaji, hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa tana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Na'urar nazarin bakan da aka haɗa da ƙarshen hanyar sadarwa tana son karɓar siginar daga DUT kawai kuma ba ta son karɓar kalmar sirri daga ƙarshen haɗin.
3, don ɗaukar samfurin sigina da sa ido
Ma'aunin watsawa da sa ido kan layi na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin aikace-aikacen da aka fi amfani da su na haɗa hanyoyin sadarwa na hanya. Wannan adadi mai zuwa shine aikace-aikacen da aka saba amfani da su na haɗa hanyoyin sadarwa na hanya don auna tashar salula. A ce ƙarfin fitarwa na mai watsawa shine 43dBm (20W), haɗin hanyar sadarwa ta hanya. Ƙarfin shine 30dB, asarar shigarwa (rashin layi da asarar haɗin gwiwa) shine 0.15dB. Ƙarshen haɗin yana da siginar 13dBm (20mW) da aka aika zuwa na'urar gwajin tashar tushe, fitarwa kai tsaye na haɗin hanyar sadarwa shine 42.85dBm (19.3W), kuma ɓullar ita ce Ƙarfin da ke gefen da aka keɓe yana sha ta hanyar kaya.
Ana amfani da mahaɗin da ke jagora don auna tashar tushe.
Kusan dukkan masu watsawa suna amfani da wannan hanyar don ɗaukar samfura ta yanar gizo da sa ido, kuma wataƙila wannan hanyar ce kawai za ta iya tabbatar da gwajin aikin mai watsawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun. Amma ya kamata a lura cewa wannan gwajin mai watsawa ne, kuma masu gwaji daban-daban suna da damuwa daban-daban. Idan aka ɗauki tashoshin tushe na WCDMA a matsayin misali, dole ne masu aiki su kula da alamun da ke cikin mitar aikinsu (2110 ~ 2170MHz), kamar ingancin sigina, ƙarfin tashar, ƙarfin tashar da ke kusa, da sauransu. A ƙarƙashin wannan jigon, masana'antun za su sanya a ƙarshen fitarwa na tashar tushe A kunkuntar band (kamar 2110 ~ 2170MHz) mahaɗin jagora don sa ido kan yanayin aikin mai watsawa a cikin band kuma su aika shi zuwa cibiyar sarrafawa a kowane lokaci.
Idan shine mai kula da mitar rediyo - tashar sa ido ta rediyo don gwada alamun tashar tushe mai laushi, hankalinsa ya bambanta gaba ɗaya. Dangane da buƙatun ƙayyadaddun sarrafa rediyo, ana faɗaɗa kewayon mitar gwaji zuwa 9kHz ~ 12.75GHz, kuma tashar tushe da aka gwada tana da faɗi sosai. Nawa za a samar da radiation mai kuskure a cikin mitar kuma ya tsoma baki ga aikin sauran tashoshin tushe na yau da kullun? Damuwa ga tashoshin sa ido ta rediyo. A wannan lokacin, ana buƙatar mahaɗin jagora mai bandwidth iri ɗaya don ɗaukar samfurin sigina, amma mahaɗin jagora wanda zai iya rufe 9kHz ~ 12.75GHz ba ya wanzu. Mun san cewa tsawon hannun haɗin gwiwa na mahaɗin jagora yana da alaƙa da mitar tsakiya. Bandwidth na mahaɗin jagora mai faɗi-faɗi na iya cimma maki 5-6 octave, kamar 0.5-18GHz, amma ba za a iya rufe band ɗin mita a ƙasa da 500MHz ba.
4, auna wutar lantarki ta yanar gizo
A cikin fasahar auna wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da na'urar, mahaɗin jagora wata na'ura ce mai matuƙar muhimmanci. Hoto mai zuwa yana nuna zane-zanen tsarin auna wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi na yau da kullun. Ana ɗaukar ƙarfin gaba daga amplifier a ƙarƙashin Gwaji ta hanyar ƙarshen haɗin gaba (tashar 3) na mahaɗin jagora sannan a aika shi zuwa mitar wutar lantarki. Ana ɗaukar ƙarfin da aka nuna ta hanyar tashar haɗin baya (tashar 4) sannan a aika shi zuwa mitar wutar lantarki.
Ana amfani da mahaɗin jagora don auna ƙarfin lantarki mai girma.
Lura: Baya ga karɓar wutar da aka nuna daga kaya, tashar haɗin baya (tashar 4) kuma tana karɓar wutar ɓuɓɓuga daga alkiblar gaba (tashar 1), wanda ke faruwa ne sakamakon jagorancin mahaɗin jagora. Ƙarfin da aka nuna shine abin da mai gwadawa ke fatan aunawa, kuma ƙarfin ɓuɓɓuga shine babban tushen kurakurai a cikin ma'aunin wutar da aka nuna. Ana ɗora wutar da ƙarfin ɓuɓɓuga a kan ƙarshen haɗin baya (ƙarshen 4) sannan a aika zuwa mitar wutar lantarki. Tunda hanyoyin watsa sigina guda biyu sun bambanta, haɗin vector ne. Idan za a iya kwatanta shigarwar wutar ɓuɓɓuga zuwa mitar wutar lantarki da ƙarfin da aka nuna, zai haifar da babban kuskuren aunawa.
Ba shakka, ƙarfin da aka nuna daga kayan (ƙarshen 2) shi ma zai zube zuwa ƙarshen haɗin gaba (ƙarshen 1, ba a nuna shi a cikin hoton da ke sama ba). Duk da haka, girmansa kaɗan ne idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfin gaba, wanda ke auna ƙarfin gaba. Ana iya yin watsi da kuskuren da ya haifar.
Kamfanin Rofea Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. wanda ke cikin "Silicon Valley" na China - Beijing Zhongguancun, kamfani ne mai fasaha mai zurfi wanda aka keɓe don hidimar cibiyoyin bincike na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje, cibiyoyin bincike, jami'o'i da ma'aikatan bincike na kimiyya na kamfanoni. Kamfaninmu galibi yana cikin bincike da haɓakawa mai zaman kansa, ƙira, kerawa, sayar da samfuran optoelectronic, kuma yana ba da mafita masu ƙirƙira da ayyuka na ƙwararru, na musamman ga masu bincike na kimiyya da injiniyoyin masana'antu. Bayan shekaru na ƙirƙira mai zaman kansa, ya ƙirƙiri jerin kayayyaki masu wadata da cikakke na photoelectric, waɗanda ake amfani da su sosai a cikin birane, sojoji, sufuri, wutar lantarki, kuɗi, ilimi, likitanci da sauran masana'antu.
Muna fatan yin aiki tare da ku!
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-20-2023