Ka'idar aiki da manyan nau'ikanLaser na semiconductor
SemiconductorNa'urorin Laser diodes, tare da babban inganci, ƙarancin aiki da bambancin tsayin tsayi, ana amfani da su sosai a matsayin manyan abubuwan da ke cikin fasahar optoelectronic a fannoni kamar sadarwa, kula da lafiya da sarrafa masana'antu. Wannan labarin ya ƙara gabatar da ƙa'idar aiki da nau'ikan lasers na semiconductor, wanda ya dace da zaɓin yawancin masu binciken optoelectronic.
1. Ka'idar fitar da haske ta lasers na semiconductor
Ka'idar hasken haske na lasers na semiconductor ya dogara ne akan tsarin band, sauye-sauyen lantarki da kuma fitar da kayan semiconductor da aka ƙarfafa. Kayan Semiconductor wani nau'in abu ne mai bandeji, wanda ya haɗa da band valence da band conduction. Lokacin da kayan yake a cikin yanayin ƙasa, electrons suna cika band valence yayin da babu electrons a cikin band conduction. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da wani filin lantarki a waje ko kuma aka allurar wutar lantarki, wasu electrons za su canza daga band valence zuwa band conduction, suna samar da nau'ikan electrons-hole. A lokacin aikin fitar da makamashi, lokacin da waɗannan nau'ikan electrons-hole suka sami kuzari daga duniyar waje, za a samar da photons, wato, lasers.
2. Hanyoyin motsa jiki na lasers na semiconductor
Akwai hanyoyi guda uku na motsa jiki ga na'urorin laser na semiconductor, wato nau'in allurar lantarki, nau'in famfon gani da kuma nau'in motsa jiki mai ƙarfin lantarki.
Na'urorin laser na semiconductor da aka yi wa allurar lantarki: Gabaɗaya, su ne diodes na mahaɗin saman semiconductor da aka yi da kayan aiki kamar gallium arsenide (GaAs), cadmium sulfide (CdS), indium phosphide (InP), da zinc sulfide (ZnS). Suna jin daɗi ta hanyar allurar wutar lantarki a gefen gaba, suna samar da hayaki mai ƙarfi a yankin mahaɗin.
Lasers na semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su ta hanyar amfani da na'urar hangen nesa: Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da lu'ulu'u guda ɗaya na semiconductor na nau'in N ko P (kamar GaAS, InAs, InSb, da sauransu) azaman kayan aiki, kumalaserAna amfani da na'urorin laser da wasu na'urori ke fitarwa azaman abubuwan motsa jiki na gani.
Na'urorin laser na semiconductor masu ƙarfin lantarki masu ƙarfin lantarki: Gabaɗaya, suna amfani da lu'ulu'u guda ɗaya na semiconductor na N-type ko P-type (kamar PbS, CdS, ZhO, da sauransu) a matsayin kayan aiki kuma suna jin daɗinsu ta hanyar allurar hasken lantarki mai ƙarfi daga waje. Daga cikin na'urorin laser na semiconductor, wanda ke da ingantaccen aiki da amfani mai faɗi shine laser diode na GaAs da aka allura ta lantarki tare da heterostructure biyu.
3. Manyan nau'ikan lasers na semiconductor
Yankin Aiki na Laser semiconductor shine babban yanki don samar da photon da haɓaka shi, kuma kauri yana da 'yan micrometers kawai. Ana amfani da tsarin jagorar raƙuman ruwa na ciki don iyakance yaɗuwar photons a gefe da haɓaka yawan kuzari (kamar jagororin raƙuman ruwa da heterojunctions da aka binne). Laser ɗin yana ɗaukar ƙirar wurin nutsewa na zafi kuma yana zaɓar kayan aiki masu ƙarfin zafi (kamar ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe-tungsten) don watsa zafi cikin sauri, wanda zai iya hana kwararar raƙuman ruwa da zafi ke haifarwa. Dangane da tsarinsu da yanayin aikace-aikacensu, ana iya rarraba laser semiconductor zuwa rukuni huɗu masu zuwa:
Laser mai fitar da gefen (EEL)
Ana fitar da laser ɗin daga saman yankewa a gefen guntu, yana samar da tabo mai siffar elliptical (tare da kusurwar da ta bambanta kusan 30° × 10°). Matsakaicin tsawon rai ya haɗa da 808nm (don famfo), 980 nm (don sadarwa), da 1550 nm (don sadarwa ta fiber). Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin yanke masana'antu masu ƙarfi, tushen famfo na fiber laser, da hanyoyin sadarwa na gani.
2. Laser Mai Fitar da Lasisin Fuskar Kogo a Tsaye (VCSEL)
Ana fitar da na'urar laser a tsaye a saman guntu, tare da hasken da'ira da similar (Kusurwar bambancin ƙasa da 15°). Yana haɗa na'urar Bragg mai rarrabawa (DBR), yana kawar da buƙatar na'urar haskakawa ta waje. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin na'urar gane fuska ta 3D (kamar gane fuskar wayar hannu), sadarwa ta gani ta gajere (cibiyoyin bayanai), da LiDAR.
3. Laser ɗin Quantum Cascade (QCL)
Dangane da sauyin cascade na electrons tsakanin quantum Wells, tsawon raƙuman ruwa yana rufe kewayon tsakiyar-zuwa-nesa-infrared (3-30 μm), ba tare da buƙatar juyawar yawan jama'a ba. Ana samar da photons ta hanyar sauye-sauyen intersubband kuma ana amfani da su akai-akai a aikace-aikace kamar gano iskar gas (kamar gano CO₂), hoton terahertz, da sa ido kan muhalli.
Tsarin ramin waje na laser mai iya canzawa (grating/prism/MEMS madubi) zai iya cimma kewayon daidaita tsawon tsayi na ±50 nm, tare da faɗin layi mai faɗi (<100 kHz) da babban rabon ƙin yarda da gefen (>50 dB). Ana amfani da shi sosai a aikace-aikace kamar sadarwa mai yawa na tsawon tsayi (DWDM), nazarin spectral, da hoton biomedical. Ana amfani da lasers na semiconductor sosai a cikin na'urorin laser na sadarwa, na'urorin adana laser na dijital, kayan aikin sarrafa laser, alamar laser da kayan marufi, saitin nau'in laser da bugawa, kayan aikin likitanci na laser, kayan aikin gano nesa da haɗin laser, kayan aikin laser da kayan aiki don nishaɗi da ilimi, kayan aikin laser da sassa, da sauransu. Suna cikin manyan sassan masana'antar laser. Saboda yawan aikace-aikacensa, akwai nau'ikan laser da yawa da masana'antun laser. Lokacin yin zaɓi, ya kamata ya dogara da takamaiman buƙatu da filayen aikace-aikace. Masana'antun daban-daban suna da aikace-aikace daban-daban a fannoni daban-daban, kuma ya kamata a zaɓi masana'antun da lasers bisa ga ainihin filin aikace-aikacen aikin.
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-05-2025