Ka'idar aiki da manyan nau'ikansemiconductor Laser
SemiconductorLaser diodes, tare da babban ingancin su, miniaturization da bambancin raƙuman ruwa, ana amfani da su sosai azaman ainihin abubuwan fasaha na optoelectronic a fannoni kamar sadarwa, kulawar likita da sarrafa masana'antu. Wannan labarin ya kara gabatar da ka'idar aiki da nau'ikan lasers na semiconductor, wanda ya dace da zaɓin zaɓi na yawancin masu binciken optoelectronic.
1. Ka'idar da ke fitar da haske na lasers semiconductor
The luminescence manufa na semiconductor Laser dogara ne a kan band tsarin, lantarki miƙa mulki da kuma kara kuzari na semiconductor kayan. Kayan Semiconductor wani nau'in abu ne tare da bandgap, wanda ya haɗa da bandungiyar valence da band conduction. Lokacin da kayan yana cikin yanayin ƙasa, electrons suna cika valence band yayin da babu electrons a cikin rukunin gudanarwa. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da wani filin lantarki a waje ko kuma aka yi allurar na yanzu, wasu electrons za su rikiɗa daga valence band zuwa ƙungiyar gudanarwa, suna samar da nau'i-nau'i na electron-hole. A lokacin aiwatar da sakin makamashi, lokacin da waɗannan nau'ikan ramukan electron ɗin ke motsa su ta hanyar duniyar waje, za a samar da photons, wato, lasers.
2. Hanyoyi masu ban sha'awa na lasers semiconductor
Akwai hanyoyi guda uku na motsa jiki don na'urorin lantarki na semiconductor, wato nau'in allurar lantarki, nau'in famfo na gani da nau'in motsa jiki mai ƙarfi na lantarki.
Laser semiconductor allurar da lantarki: Gabaɗaya, su ne semiconductor surface-junction diodes da aka yi da kayan kamar gallium arsenide (GaAs), cadmium sulfide (CdS), indium phosphide (InP), da zinc sulfide (ZnS). Suna farin ciki ta hanyar allurar halin yanzu tare da nuna son kai, suna haifar da hayaki mai kuzari a yankin haɗin gwiwar jirgin.
Nau'in Laser Semiconductor na gani: Gabaɗaya, nau'in N-nau'in ko nau'in P-nau'in semiconductor guda lu'ulu'u (kamar GaAS, InAs, InSb, da sauransu) ana amfani da su azaman kayan aiki, kumaLaserFitar da sauran Laser ana amfani da matsayin optically pumped zumudi.
Ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin lantarki mai sha'awar laser semiconductor: Gabaɗaya, kuma suna amfani da nau'in N-type ko P-type semiconductor guda lu'ulu'u (kamar PbS, CdS, ZhO, da dai sauransu) azaman kayan aiki kuma suna jin daɗi ta hanyar allurar katako mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi daga waje. Daga cikin na'urorin Laser na semiconductor, wanda ke da mafi kyawun aiki kuma mafi fa'ida aikace-aikacen shine allurar GaAs diode Laser ta lantarki tare da tsarin heterostructure biyu.
3. Babban nau'ikan laser semiconductor
Yankin Mai Aiki na Laser Semiconductor shine babban yanki na haɓakar photon da haɓakawa, kuma kaurin sa ƴan mitoci kaɗan ne. Ana amfani da tsarin jagorar wave na ciki don taƙaita yaɗuwar photons a gefe da haɓaka yawan kuzari (kamar ƙugiya mai ɗorewa da binne heterojunctions). Laser ɗin yana ɗaukar ƙirar ƙwanƙolin zafi kuma yana zaɓar kayan aikin haɓakar zafin jiki mai ƙarfi (kamar gami da jan ƙarfe-tungsten gami) don saurin yaɗuwar zafi, wanda zai iya hana raƙuman raƙuman ruwa da zafi ya haifar. Dangane da tsarin su da yanayin aikace-aikacen su, ana iya rarraba laser semiconductor zuwa rukuni huɗu masu zuwa:
Laser-Emitting Laser (EEL)
Ana fitar da Laser ɗin daga saman tsagewar da ke gefen guntu, yana samar da tabo mai elliptical (tare da kusurwar bambancin kusan 30°×10°). Matsakaicin tsayin daka sun haɗa da 808nm (don yin famfo), 980nm (don sadarwa), da 1550 nm (don sadarwar fiber). An yadu amfani a high-ikon masana'antu yankan, fiber Laser famfo kafofin, da Tantancewar sadarwa kashin baya cibiyoyin sadarwa.
2. A tsaye Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL)
Ana fitar da Laser ɗin daidai gwargwado zuwa saman guntu, tare da madauwari da katako mai ma'ana (Angle Divergence <15°). Yana haɗawa da rarrabawar Bragg reflector (DBR), yana kawar da buƙatar mai nuni na waje. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin ji na 3D (kamar tantance fuskar wayar hannu), sadarwa ta gajeriyar hanya (cibiyoyin bayanai), da LiDAR.
3. Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL)
Dangane da juzu'in juzu'i na electrons tsakanin quantum Wells, tsawon zangon ya ƙunshi kewayon tsakiyar-zuwa-nisa-infrared (3-30 μm), ba tare da buƙatar juyar da jama'a ba. Ana samar da hotuna ta hanyar tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki kuma ana amfani da su sosai a aikace-aikace kamar gano iskar gas (kamar gano CO₂), hoton terahertz, da sa ido kan muhalli.
Ƙirar rami na waje na laser mai kunnawa (grating / prism / MEMS madubi) na iya cimma kewayon daidaitawa mai tsayi na ± 50 nm, tare da kunkuntar layi (<100 kHz) da babban yanayin kin amincewa da yanayin gefe (> 50 dB). Yawanci ana amfani da shi a aikace-aikace kamar sadarwa mai yawa mai tsayi mai tsayi (DWDM), bincike na gani, da kuma hoton kwayoyin halitta. Semiconductor Laser ana amfani da ko'ina a cikin sadarwa Laser na'urorin, dijital Laser ajiya na'urorin, Laser aiki kayan aiki, Laser alama da marufi kayan aiki, Laser typeetting da bugu, Laser likita kayan aiki, Laser nesa da collimation kayan kida, Laser kayan aiki da kayan aiki domin nisha da ilimi, Laser aka gyara da sassa, da dai sauransu Sun kasance a cikin core aka gyara na Laser masana'antu. Saboda yawan aikace-aikacen sa, akwai nau'o'i masu yawa da masana'antun laser. Lokacin yin zaɓi, yakamata ya dogara da takamaiman buƙatu da filayen aikace-aikace. Masana'antun daban-daban suna da aikace-aikace daban-daban a fannoni daban-daban, kuma zaɓi na masana'anta da laser ya kamata a yi daidai da ainihin filin aikace-aikacen aikin.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-05-2025