Lokacin da SPAD photodetector na'urori masu auna firikwensin aka fara gabatar da su, an yi amfani da su musamman a yanayin gano ƙananan haske. Koyaya, tare da haɓakar ayyukansu da haɓaka buƙatun fage,SPAD mai daukar hotoAn ƙara amfani da na'urori masu auna firikwensin a yanayin yanayin masu amfani kamar radar mota, robots, da motocin jirage marasa matuki. Saboda girman hankali da ƙananan halayen amo, SPAD photodetector firikwensin ya zama kyakkyawan zaɓi don cimma zurfin fahimta mai zurfi da ƙananan haske.
Ba kamar na'urar firikwensin hoto na CMOS na gargajiya (CIS) dangane da mahaɗar PN, ainihin tsarin SPAD photodetector shine diode mai dusar ƙanƙara da ke aiki a yanayin Geiger. Daga hangen nesa na hanyoyin jiki, rikitarwa na SPAD photodetector ya fi girma fiye da na na'urorin haɗin gwiwa na PN. An fi bayyana wannan a cikin gaskiyar cewa a ƙarƙashin babban ra'ayi na baya, yana yiwuwa ya haifar da matsaloli kamar allurar dillalai marasa daidaituwa, tasirin wutar lantarki na thermal, da magudanar ruwa da ke taimaka wa jihohi lahani. Waɗannan halayen suna sa shi fuskantar ƙalubale masu tsanani a ƙira, tsari, da matakan gine-ginen da'ira.
Siffofin ayyuka gama gari naSPAD avalanche mai daukar hotosun haɗa da Girman Pixel (Girman Pixel), ƙarar duhu mai duhu (DCR), yuwuwar gano haske (PDE), lokacin mutuwa (DeadTime), da lokacin amsawa (Lokacin Amsa). Waɗannan sigogi kai tsaye suna shafar aikin SPAD avalanche photodetector. Misali, ƙimar ƙidayar duhu (DCR) shine madaidaicin maɓalli don ayyana hayaniyar mai ganowa, kuma SPAD tana buƙatar kiyaye son zuciya sama da rushewar don aiki azaman mai gano hoto ɗaya. Yiwuwar gano haske (PDE) yana ƙayyade ƙwarewar SPADdusar ƙanƙara mai daukar hotokuma yana shafar ƙarfi da rarraba wutar lantarki. Bugu da ƙari, DeadTime shine lokacin da ake buƙata don SPAD don komawa zuwa yanayin farko bayan an jawo shi, wanda ke rinjayar matsakaicin ƙimar ganowar photon da kewayo mai ƙarfi.
A cikin haɓaka aikin na'urorin SPAD, ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙa tsakanin mahimmin sigogin aiki shine babban ƙalubale: alal misali, pixel miniaturization kai tsaye yana haifar da raguwar PDE, kuma ƙaddamar da filayen lantarki na gefen da ya haifar da ƙaramar ƙarami kuma zai haifar da haɓaka mai girma a cikin DCR. Rage matattun lokacin zai haifar da hayaniya bayan motsa jiki da kuma lalata daidaiton lokacin jitter. Yanzu, ƙwararren ƙwanƙwasa ya sami wani takamaiman matakin haɓaka haɗin gwiwa ta hanyoyin kamar DTI / madauki na kariya (madaidaicin madaidaicin magana da rage DCR), haɓakawa na gani na pixel, gabatarwar sabbin kayan (SiGe avalanche Layer na haɓaka amsawar infrared), da madaidaicin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kashewa.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-23-2025