Mai gano ambaliyar ruwa ta SPAD mai ɗaukar hoto ɗaya-photon avalanche

SPADna'urar gano zaftarewar dusar ƙanƙara mai siffar photon guda ɗaya

Lokacin da aka fara gabatar da na'urori masu gano hoto na SPAD, galibi ana amfani da su ne a yanayin gano haske mai ƙarancin haske. Duk da haka, tare da ci gaban aikinsu da haɓaka buƙatun yanayin,Mai gano hoto na SPADAna ƙara amfani da na'urori masu auna sigina a cikin yanayin masu amfani kamar na'urorin radar motoci, robots, da motocin sama marasa matuƙi. Saboda yawan saurin sa da ƙarancin hayaniyar sa, na'urar gano haske ta SPAD ta zama zaɓi mafi kyau don cimma fahimtar zurfin da ba ta da matsala da kuma ɗaukar hoto mai ƙarancin haske.

Ba kamar na'urorin firikwensin hoto na CMOS na gargajiya (CIS) waɗanda suka dogara da mahadar PN ba, ainihin tsarin na'urar gano hoto ta SPAD diode ne mai saukar ungulu wanda ke aiki a yanayin Geiger. Daga mahangar hanyoyin zahiri, sarkakiyar na'urar gano hoto ta SPAD ta fi ta na'urorin haɗuwar PN girma sosai. Wannan galibi yana nuna ne a gaskiyar cewa a ƙarƙashin babban son zuciya, yana iya haifar da matsaloli kamar allurar masu ɗaukar kaya marasa daidaito, tasirin lantarki na zafi, da kwararar rami waɗanda ke taimakawa yanayin lahani. Waɗannan halaye suna sa ta fuskanci ƙalubale masu tsanani a matakan ƙira, tsari, da tsarin da'ira.

Sigogi na aiki na gama gari naMai gano ambaliyar ruwa ta SPADsun haɗa da Girman Pixel (Girman Pixel), hayaniyar ƙidayar duhu (DCR), yuwuwar gano haske (PDE), Lokacin da ya mutu (Lokacin Mutuwa), da lokacin amsawa (Lokacin Amsa). Waɗannan sigogi suna shafar aikin na'urar gano hasken SPAD. Misali, ƙimar ƙidayar duhu (DCR) muhimmin siga ne don bayyana hayaniyar gano haske, kuma SPAD yana buƙatar kula da son zuciya fiye da rugujewa don aiki azaman na'urar gano haske mai ɗaukar hoto ɗaya. Yiwuwar gano haske (PDE) tana ƙayyade jin daɗin SPADna'urar gano ambaliyar ruwakuma yana shafar ƙarfin da rarrabawar filin lantarki. Bugu da ƙari, DeadTime shine lokacin da ake buƙata don SPAD ta koma yanayinta na farko bayan an kunna shi, wanda ke shafar matsakaicin ƙimar gano photon da kewayon motsi.

A cikin inganta aikin na'urorin SPAD, alaƙar da ke tsakanin sigogin aiki na asali babban ƙalubale ne: misali, rage girman pixel yana haifar da raguwar PDE kai tsaye, kuma yawan filayen lantarki na gefen da ƙaramin girman ya haifar shi ma zai haifar da ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin DCR. Rage lokacin da ya mutu zai haifar da hayaniyar bayan motsawa kuma ya lalata daidaiton jitter na lokaci. Yanzu, mafita ta zamani ta cimma wani matakin haɓaka haɗin gwiwa ta hanyoyi kamar madaurin kariya na DTI/ (dakatar da crosstalk da rage DCR), ingantawar gani ta pixel, gabatar da sabbin kayan aiki (SiGe avalanche Layer enhance infrared response), da kuma da'irorin kashewa masu girma uku.