Ga masu amfani da optoelectronics na silicon, masu gano hotunan silicon
Masu daukar hotocanza siginar haske zuwa siginar lantarki, kuma yayin da ƙimar canja wurin bayanai ke ci gaba da inganta, masu gano haske masu sauri waɗanda aka haɗa tare da dandamalin optoelectronics na silicon sun zama mabuɗin cibiyoyin bayanai na gaba da hanyoyin sadarwa na sadarwa. Wannan labarin zai ba da taƙaitaccen bayani game da masu gano haske masu sauri, tare da mai da hankali kan germanium mai tushen silicon (Ge ko Si photodetector)masu gano hotunan silicondon fasahar optoelectronics mai haɗaka.
Germanium abu ne mai kyau don gano hasken infrared kusa da dandamalin silicon saboda yana dacewa da hanyoyin CMOS kuma yana da ƙarfi sosai a cikin raƙuman sadarwa. Tsarin na'urar gano hasken Ge/Si da aka fi sani shine diode na pin, inda germanium na ciki yake tsakanin yankuna na nau'in P da nau'in N.
Tsarin na'ura Hoto na 1 yana nuna fil na tsaye na yau da kullun Ge koSi na'urar gano hototsari:
Manyan fasalulluka sun haɗa da: Layer mai shaye-shayen germanium da aka noma akan silicon substrate; Ana amfani da shi don tattara hulɗar p da n na masu ɗaukar caji; Haɗin jagorar Waveguide don ingantaccen ɗaukar haske.
Girman Epitaxial: Girman germanium mai inganci akan silicon yana da ƙalubale saboda rashin daidaiton layin layi na 4.2% tsakanin kayan biyu. Yawanci ana amfani da tsarin girma matakai biyu: ƙarancin zafin jiki (300-400°C) girma da kuma yawan zafin jiki (sama da 600°C) na germanium. Wannan hanyar tana taimakawa wajen sarrafa katsewar zare da ke faruwa sakamakon rashin daidaiton layin layi. Ƙarfafawa bayan girma a 800-900°C yana ƙara rage yawan katsewar zare zuwa kusan 10^7 cm^-2. Halayen Aiki: Mafi kyawun na'urar gano hoto ta Ge/Si PIN zai iya cimma: amsawa, > 0.8A /W a 1550 nm; Bandwidth,>60 GHz; Hasken rana mai duhu, <1 μA a -1 V bias.
Haɗawa da dandamalin optoelectronics na tushen silicon
Haɗin kai namasu gano hoto masu sauritare da dandamalin optoelectronics da ke tushen silicon yana ba da damar na'urorin watsa haske na gani da haɗin kai. Manyan hanyoyin haɗakarwa guda biyu sune kamar haka: Haɗin gaba (FEOL), inda ake kera na'urar gano haske da transistor a lokaci guda akan wani abu mai silicon wanda ke ba da damar sarrafa zafin jiki mai yawa, amma yana ɗaukar yankin guntu. Haɗin baya-baya (BEOL). Ana kera na'urorin gano haske a saman ƙarfe don guje wa tsangwama ga CMOS, amma an iyakance su ga ƙananan yanayin zafi na sarrafawa.
Hoto na 2: Amsawa da kuma yawan amfani da na'urar gano hoto ta Ge/Si mai saurin gudu
Aikace-aikacen cibiyar bayanai
Masu gano hotuna masu sauri sune babban ɓangare a cikin ƙarni na gaba na haɗin cibiyar bayanai. Manyan aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da: na'urorin watsa haske: 100G, 400G da mafi girma, ta amfani da tsarin PAM-4;na'urar gano hoto mai yawan bandwidthAna buƙatar (>50 GHz).
Tsarin haɗakar optoelectronic da aka yi da silicon: haɗakar na'urar gano na'ura mai motsi tare da modulator da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa; Injin gani mai ƙarfi, mai aiki sosai.
Tsarin rarrabawa: haɗin gani tsakanin kwamfuta mai rarrabawa, ajiya, da ajiya; Haɓaka buƙatar na'urorin gano hotuna masu inganci da saurin bandwidth masu inganci.
Hasashen nan gaba
Makomar na'urorin gano hotuna masu saurin gaske na optoelectronic za su nuna waɗannan halaye:
Ƙarin ƙimar bayanai: Yana haɓaka haɓakar na'urorin watsawa na 800G da 1.6T; Ana buƙatar na'urorin gano hotuna masu bandwidth sama da 100 GHz.
Ingantaccen haɗin kai: Haɗa guntu ɗaya na kayan III-V da silicon; Fasahar haɗa 3D mai zurfi.
Sabbin kayayyaki: Binciken kayan aiki masu girma biyu (kamar graphene) don gano haske mai sauri; Sabuwar na'urar hadawa ta Rukunin IV don ɗaukar tsawon tsayi.
Manhajoji masu tasowa: LiDAR da sauran manhajojin ji suna haifar da ci gaban APD; Aikace-aikacen photon na microwave waɗanda ke buƙatar na'urorin gano hoto masu inganci.
Masu gano hotuna masu saurin gudu, musamman masu gano hotuna na Ge ko Si, sun zama babban abin da ke haifar da sadarwa ta optoelectronics da ke tushen silicon da kuma sadarwa ta gani ta zamani. Ci gaba da ci gaba a fannin kayan aiki, ƙirar na'urori, da fasahar haɗaka suna da mahimmanci don biyan buƙatun bandwidth na cibiyoyin bayanai da hanyoyin sadarwa na gaba. Yayin da fannin ke ci gaba da bunƙasa, za mu iya tsammanin ganin masu gano hotuna masu yawan bandwidth, ƙarancin hayaniya, da haɗin kai mara matsala tare da da'irorin lantarki da na photonic.
Lokacin Saƙo: Janairu-20-2025