Ka'idoji da nau'ikan laser

Ka'idoji da nau'ikanlaser
Menene laser?
LASER (Ƙara Haske ta hanyar Ƙarfafa Hasken da aka Ƙarfafa); Domin samun kyakkyawar fahimta, duba hoton da ke ƙasa:

Kwayar zarra a matakin makamashi mafi girma tana canzawa zuwa ƙaramin matakin makamashi kuma tana fitar da photon, wani tsari da ake kira radiation mai saurin canzawa.
Ana iya fahimtar shahararsa a matsayin: ƙwallon da ke ƙasa ita ce mafi dacewa a wurinta, lokacin da aka tura ƙwallon cikin iska ta hanyar ƙarfin waje (wanda ake kira famfo), da zarar ƙarfin waje ya ɓace, ƙwallon ya faɗi daga wani wuri mai tsayi, kuma ya fitar da wani adadin kuzari. Idan ƙwallon takamaiman ƙwayar zarra ce, to wannan ƙwayar zarra tana fitar da photon na wani takamaiman tsawon rai yayin sauyawa.

Rarrabuwar lasers
Mutane sun ƙware a kan ƙa'idar samar da laser, sun fara haɓaka nau'ikan laser daban-daban, idan bisa ga kayan aiki na laser don rarrabawa, za a iya raba su zuwa laser gas, laser mai ƙarfi, laser semiconductor, da sauransu.
1, rarrabawar laser ta gas: atom, molecule, ion;
Sinadarin aiki na laser na gas shine iskar gas ko tururin ƙarfe, wanda ke da alaƙa da kewayon fitowar laser mai faɗi da tsayi. Mafi yawan shine laser na CO2, wanda ake amfani da CO2 a matsayin abu mai aiki don samar da laser infrared na 10.6um ta hanyar motsa fitar da wutar lantarki.
Saboda sinadarin aiki na laser ɗin gas shine gas, tsarin laser gabaɗaya ya yi girma sosai, kuma tsawon fitowar laser ɗin gas ɗin ya yi tsayi sosai, aikin sarrafa kayan ba shi da kyau. Saboda haka, ba da daɗewa ba aka kawar da laser ɗin gas daga kasuwa, kuma ana amfani da shi ne kawai a wasu takamaiman wurare, kamar alamar laser na wasu sassan filastik.
2, laser mai ƙarfirarrabuwa: ruby, Nd:YAG, da sauransu.
Kayan aiki na laser mai ƙarfi shine ruby, gilashin neodymium, garnet aluminum Yttrium (YAG), da sauransu, wanda ƙaramin adadin ions ne da aka haɗa a cikin lu'ulu'u ko gilashin kayan a matsayin matrix, wanda ake kira ions masu aiki.
Laser ɗin mai ƙarfi yana ƙunshe da wani abu mai aiki, tsarin famfo, resonator da tsarin sanyaya da tacewa. Baƙin murabba'i a tsakiyar hoton da ke ƙasa akwai lu'ulu'u na laser, wanda yayi kama da gilashi mai haske mai haske kuma ya ƙunshi lu'ulu'u mai haske wanda aka lulluɓe da ƙarfe na ƙasa mai wuya. Tsarin musamman ne na ƙwayar ƙarfe ta ƙasa mai wuya wanda ke samar da juyewar yawan ƙwayoyin cuta lokacin da tushen haske ya haskaka (kawai a fahimci cewa ana tura ƙwallo da yawa a ƙasa zuwa iska), sannan yana fitar da photons lokacin da ƙwayoyin suka canza, kuma lokacin da adadin photons ya isa, samuwar laser. Domin tabbatar da cewa an fitar da laser ɗin da aka fitar a hanya ɗaya, akwai cikakkun madubai (ruwan hagu) da madubai masu haske (ruwan hagu). Lokacin da fitarwar laser sannan ta hanyar wani ƙira na gani, samuwar makamashin laser.

3, Laser na semiconductor
Idan ana maganar na'urorin laser na semiconductor, ana iya fahimtarsa ​​a matsayin photodiode, akwai mahadar PN a cikin diode, kuma idan aka ƙara wani takamaiman wutar lantarki, canjin lantarki a cikin semiconductor yana samuwa don sakin photons, wanda ke haifar da laser. Idan ƙarfin laser da semiconductor ke fitarwa ya ƙanƙanta, ana iya amfani da na'urar semiconductor mai ƙarancin ƙarfi a matsayin tushen famfo (tushen motsawa) naLaser ɗin fiber, don haka aka samar da fiber laser. Idan aka ƙara ƙarfin laser semiconductor har zuwa inda za a iya fitar da shi kai tsaye zuwa kayan sarrafawa, zai zama laser semiconductor kai tsaye. A halin yanzu, laser semiconductor kai tsaye a kasuwa ya kai matakin watt 10,000.

Baya ga na'urorin laser da aka ambata a sama da dama, mutane sun kuma ƙirƙiro na'urorin laser na ruwa, waɗanda aka fi sani da na'urorin laser na mai. Na'urorin laser na ruwa sun fi rikitarwa a girma da kuma aiki fiye da na daskararru kuma ba a cika amfani da su ba.