Gabatarwa ga Tsarin da Ayyukan Thin Film Lithium Niobate Electro optic Modulator

Gabatarwa ga Tsarin da AyyukanThin Film Lithium Niobate Electro optic Modulator
An na'urar sarrafa na'urar lantarki (electro-optical modulator)bisa ga tsari daban-daban, tsawon rai, da dandamali na lithium niobate mai siriri, da kuma kwatancen aiki mai cikakken bayani game da nau'ikanmasu gyaran EOMda kuma nazarin bincike da amfani damasu gyaran lithium niobate na fim mai siraraa wasu fannoni.

1. Mai daidaita siraran fim na lithium niobate wanda ba shi da ruwa
Wannan nau'in modulator ya dogara ne akan kyakkyawan tasirin electro-optic na lu'ulu'u na lithium niobate kuma babbar na'ura ce don cimma sadarwa mai sauri da nisa. Akwai manyan tsare-tsare guda uku:
1.1 Na'urar auna ƙarfin lantarki mai tafiya ta hanyar lantarki mai ƙarfin lantarki MZI: Wannan shine mafi yawan ƙira. Ƙungiyar bincike ta Lon č ar a Jami'ar Harvard ta fara cimma sigar aiki mai girma a cikin 2018, tare da ci gaba daga baya ciki har da ɗaukar ƙarfin lantarki bisa ga ma'aunin quartz (babban bandwidth amma bai dace da silicon ba) da kuma jituwa bisa ga silicon bisa ga ma'aunin substrate, cimma babban bandwidth (>67 GHz) da kuma watsa siginar sauri (kamar 112 Gbit/s PAM4).
1.2 Mai Naɗewa MZI modulator: Domin rage girman na'urar da kuma daidaitawa da ƙananan kayayyaki kamar QSFP-DD, ana amfani da maganin polarization, jagorar waveguide ko inverted microstructure electrodes don rage tsawon na'urar da rabi da kuma cimma bandwidth na 60 GHz.
1.3Single/Doal Polarization Coherent Orthogonal (IQ) Modulator: Yana amfani da tsarin daidaitawa mai girma don haɓaka saurin watsawa. Ƙungiyar bincike ta Cai a Jami'ar Sun Yat sen ta cimma na'urar IQ modulator ta farko a kan guntu a cikin 2020. Na'urar IQ modulator ta biyu da aka haɓaka a nan gaba tana da kyakkyawan aiki, kuma sigar da aka gina akan substrate na quartz ta saita rikodin saurin watsawa na tsawon rai ɗaya na 1.96 Tbit/s.

2. Nau'in rami mai amsawa mai sirara mai sirara mai lithium niobate modulator
Don cimma ƙanana da manyan na'urori masu daidaita bandwidth, akwai nau'ikan tsarin ramin resonant daban-daban:
2.1 Mai daidaita haske na photonic crystal (PC) da micro zobe modulator: Ƙungiyar bincike ta Lin a Jami'ar Rochester ta ƙirƙiro na'urar daidaita haske ta photonic crystal ta farko mai aiki sosai. Bugu da ƙari, an kuma gabatar da na'urorin daidaita haske na micro zobe bisa ga haɗin kai mai nau'in silicon lithium niobate da haɗin kai mai kama da juna, wanda hakan ya kai ga yawan GHz.
2.2Mai daidaita ramin Bragg grating: gami da ramin Fabry Perot (FP), ma'aunin Bragg grating (WBG), da kuma mai daidaita haske mai jinkirin (SL). An tsara waɗannan tsare-tsare don daidaita girma, juriyar sarrafawa, da aiki, misali, mai daidaita ramin resonant na FP 2 × 2 yana cimma babban bandwidth mai yawa wanda ya wuce 110 GHz. Mai daidaita haske mai jinkirin dangane da ma'aunin Bragg grating yana faɗaɗa kewayon bandwidth ɗin aiki.

3. Mai haɗa bakin ciki mai nau'ikan lithium niobate modulator
Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda uku na haɗakarwa don haɗa jituwar fasahar CMOS akan dandamalin da aka dogara da silicon tare da kyakkyawan aikin daidaitawa na lithium niobate:
3.1 Haɗin kai na nau'in haɗin gwiwa iri-iri: Ta hanyar haɗa kai tsaye da benzocyclobutene (BCB) ko silicon dioxide, ana canja wurin siririn fim na lithium niobate zuwa dandamalin silicon ko silicon nitride, wanda ke cimma matakin wafer, haɗin kai mai ƙarfi da zafin jiki. Mai daidaitawa yana nuna babban bandwidth (>70 GHz, har ma ya wuce 110 GHz) da ikon watsa siginar sauri.
3.2 Haɗakar kayan jagora na raƙuman ruwa daban-daban: saka silicon ko silicon nitride akan siririn fim na lithium niobate a matsayin jagorar raƙuman ruwa kuma yana cimma ingantaccen daidaitawar lantarki.
3.3 Haɗakar bugu mai juyi ta hanyar micro transfer printing (μ TP): Wannan fasaha ce da ake sa ran za a yi amfani da ita wajen samar da kayayyaki masu yawa, wadda ke canja wurin na'urori masu aiki da aka riga aka tsara don kai hari ga kwakwalwan kwamfuta ta hanyar kayan aiki masu inganci, ta hanyar guje wa rikitarwa bayan an sarrafa su. An yi amfani da ita cikin nasara a kan dandamalin silicon nitride da silicon, inda aka cimma matsakaicin bandwidth na 100 GHz.

A taƙaice, wannan labarin ya tsara taswirar fasaha ta masu gyaran lantarki ta hanyar amfani da na'urorin lantarki bisa ga dandamalin lithium niobate na siriri, daga bin tsarin ramin da ba ya yin resonant mai ƙarfi da kuma babban bandwidth, bincika ƙananan tsarin ramin resonant, da kuma haɗawa da manyan dandamalin photonic na silicon. Yana nuna babban yuwuwar da ci gaba na masu gyaran lantarki na lithium niobate na siriri wajen karya ƙa'idar aiki ta masu gyaran lantarki na gargajiya da kuma cimma sadarwa mai sauri.