Sabuwar fasaha ta na'urar gano siliki mai sirara

Sabuwar fasaha tana'urar gano siliki mai siriri
Ana amfani da tsarin ɗaukar photon don haɓaka ɗaukar haske a cikin siririmasu gano hotunan silicon
Tsarin photonic yana samun karbuwa cikin sauri a cikin aikace-aikace da yawa masu tasowa, gami da sadarwa ta gani, na'urar gane liDAR, da kuma hoton likita. Duk da haka, yawan amfani da photonics a cikin hanyoyin injiniya na gaba ya dogara ne akan farashin ƙeramasu daukar hoto, wanda hakan ya dogara ne da nau'in semiconductor da ake amfani da shi don wannan dalili.
A al'adance, silicon (Si) shine semiconductor mafi yawan amfani a masana'antar lantarki, har ta kai ga yawancin masana'antu sun girma a kusa da wannan kayan. Abin takaici, Si yana da ƙarancin ƙarfin sha na haske a cikin bakan infrared (NIR) idan aka kwatanta da sauran semiconductor kamar gallium arsenide (GaAs). Saboda haka, GaAs da ƙarfe masu alaƙa suna bunƙasa a aikace-aikacen photonic amma ba su dace da hanyoyin gargajiya na semiconductor metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) da ake amfani da su wajen samar da yawancin kayan lantarki ba. Wannan ya haifar da ƙaruwa sosai a farashin masana'antar su.
Masu bincike sun ƙirƙiro wata hanya ta inganta shaƙar silicon kusa da infrared sosai, wanda zai iya haifar da raguwar farashi a cikin na'urorin photonic masu aiki sosai, kuma ƙungiyar bincike ta UC Davis tana ƙaddamar da sabuwar dabara don inganta shaƙar haske a cikin fina-finan silicon masu sirara. A cikin sabon rubutunsu a Advanced Photonics Nexus, sun nuna a karon farko wani gwaji na gwajin na'urar gano haske ta silicon tare da tsarin micro- da nano-surface, wanda ya cimma ci gaban aiki wanda ba a taɓa gani ba kamar GaAs da sauran na'urorin semiconductors na rukuni na III-V. Na'urar gano haske ta ƙunshi farantin silicon mai kauri micron-cylindrical wanda aka sanya a kan wani abu mai rufi, tare da "yatsun ƙarfe" da aka shimfiɗa a cikin salon cokali mai yatsu daga ƙarfen da ke saman farantin. Abu mafi mahimmanci, silicon mai ƙura yana cike da ramuka masu zagaye waɗanda aka shirya a cikin tsari na lokaci-lokaci waɗanda ke aiki azaman wuraren ɗaukar photon. Tsarin gabaɗaya na na'urar yana sa hasken da ke faruwa yawanci ya lanƙwasa da kusan 90° lokacin da ya faɗi saman, yana ba shi damar yaɗuwa a gefe tare da jirgin Si. Waɗannan hanyoyin yaɗuwa a gefe suna ƙara tsawon tafiyar haske kuma suna rage saurinsa yadda ya kamata, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin hulɗa tsakanin haske da abubuwa masu haske, don haka yana ƙara sha.
Masu binciken sun kuma gudanar da gwaje-gwajen gani da nazari na ka'idoji don fahimtar tasirin tsarin kama photon, kuma sun gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da dama da ke kwatanta masu gano photon tare da su da kuma ba tare da su ba. Sun gano cewa kama photon ya haifar da gagarumin ci gaba a cikin ingancin shaye-shaye na broadband a cikin bakan NIR, yana kasancewa sama da 68% tare da kololuwar 86%. Yana da kyau a lura cewa a cikin band ɗin infrared kusa, ma'aunin sha na mai gano photon ya fi na silicon na yau da kullun sau da yawa, yana wuce gallium arsenide. Bugu da ƙari, kodayake ƙirar da aka gabatar ta kasance don faranti na silicon mai kauri 1μm, kwaikwayon fina-finan silicon 30 nm da 100 nm masu dacewa da na'urorin lantarki na CMOS suna nuna irin wannan ingantaccen aiki.
Gabaɗaya, sakamakon wannan binciken ya nuna wata dabara mai kyau don inganta aikin na'urorin gano ƙwayoyin cuta masu tushen silicon a cikin aikace-aikacen photonics masu tasowa. Ana iya samun babban sha ko da a cikin yadudduka na silicon masu siriri, kuma ana iya kiyaye ƙarfin parasitic na da'irar ƙasa, wanda yake da mahimmanci a cikin tsarin sauri mai girma. Bugu da ƙari, hanyar da aka gabatar ta dace da hanyoyin kera CMOS na zamani don haka tana da yuwuwar kawo sauyi kan yadda ake haɗa optoelectronics cikin da'irori na gargajiya. Wannan, bi da bi, zai iya share hanyar manyan tsalle-tsalle a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na kwamfuta masu sauri da fasaha ta hoto mai araha.