Lithium tantalate (LTOI) mai saurin gudu na electro-optic modulator

Lithium tantalate (LTOI) mai saurina'urar sarrafa na'urar lantarki (electro-optical modulator)

Ci gaban bayanai a duniya yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa, sakamakon karɓuwar sabbin fasahohi kamar 5G da fasahar wucin gadi (AI), wanda ke haifar da ƙalubale masu yawa ga masu karɓar bayanai a dukkan matakan hanyoyin sadarwa na gani. Musamman ma, fasahar mai karɓar bayanai ta lantarki ta zamani mai zuwa tana buƙatar ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin ƙimar canja wurin bayanai zuwa 200 Gbps a cikin tashoshi ɗaya yayin da take rage yawan amfani da makamashi da farashi. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an yi amfani da fasahar silicon photonics sosai a kasuwar mai karɓar bayanai ta gani, galibi saboda gaskiyar cewa ana iya samar da silicon photonics ta hanyar amfani da tsarin CMOS mai girma. Duk da haka, masu daidaita bayanai na SOI waɗanda suka dogara da watsawar mai ɗaukar bayanai suna fuskantar manyan ƙalubale a cikin bandwidth, amfani da wutar lantarki, ɗaukar kaya kyauta da rashin daidaituwa. Sauran hanyoyin fasaha a masana'antar sun haɗa da InP, thin film lithium niobate LNOI, polymers na lantarki, da sauran hanyoyin haɗin kai iri-iri. Ana ɗaukar LNOI a matsayin mafita wanda zai iya cimma mafi kyawun aiki a cikin saurin gaske da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki, duk da haka, a halin yanzu yana da wasu ƙalubale dangane da tsarin samar da kayayyaki da farashi. Kwanan nan, ƙungiyar ta ƙaddamar da wani dandamalin photonic mai sirara na lithium tantalate (LTOI) wanda ke da kyawawan halayen photoelectric da kuma manyan masana'antu, wanda ake sa ran zai dace ko ma ya wuce aikin dandamalin lithium niobate da silicon a aikace-aikace da yawa. Duk da haka, har zuwa yanzu, babban na'urarsadarwa ta gani, na'urar sarrafa electro-optic mai saurin gaske, ba a tabbatar da ita a cikin LTOI ba.

A cikin wannan binciken, masu binciken sun fara tsara na'urar LTOI electro-optic modulator, wacce aka nuna tsarinta a Hoto na 1. Ta hanyar tsara tsarin kowane Layer na lithium tantalate akan insulator da sigogi na microwave electrode, daidaita saurin yaduwa na microwave da raƙuman haske a cikinna'urar sarrafa haske ta lantarki (electro-optical modulator)an cimma hakan. Dangane da rage asarar na'urar lantarki ta microwave electrode, masu binciken da ke cikin wannan aikin a karon farko sun ba da shawarar amfani da azurfa a matsayin kayan lantarki mai ingantaccen watsa wutar lantarki, kuma an nuna cewa na'urar lantarki ta azurfa tana rage asarar na'urar lantarki zuwa kashi 82% idan aka kwatanta da na'urar lantarki ta zinariya da ake amfani da ita sosai.

FIG. 1 Tsarin LTOI electro-optic modulator, ƙirar daidaitawar lokaci, gwajin asarar lantarki na microwave.

Hoto na 2 yana nuna na'urar gwaji da sakamakon LTOI electro-optic modulator donan daidaita ƙarfigano kai tsaye (IMDD) a cikin tsarin sadarwa na gani. Gwaje-gwajen sun nuna cewa na'urar LTOI electro-optic modulator na iya aika siginar PAM8 a ƙimar alamar 176 GBd tare da BER da aka auna na 3.8 × 10⁻² ƙasa da ƙimar SD-FEC 25%. Ga duka 200 GBd PAM4 da 208 GBd PAM2, BER ya yi ƙasa sosai fiye da ƙimar 15% SD-FEC da 7% HD-FEC. Sakamakon gwajin ido da histogram a cikin Hoto na 3 ya nuna a zahiri cewa ana iya amfani da na'urar LTOI electro-optic modulator a cikin tsarin sadarwa mai sauri tare da babban layi da ƙarancin ƙimar kuskuren bit.

FIG. 2 Gwaji ta amfani da na'urar LTOI electro-optic modulator donAn daidaita ƙarfinGano Kai Tsaye (IMDD) a cikin tsarin sadarwa na gani (a) na'urar gwaji; (b) Matsakaicin kuskuren bit ɗin da aka auna (BER) na siginar PAM8 (ja), PAM4 (kore) da PAM2 (shuɗi) a matsayin aikin ƙimar alamar; (c) Matsakaicin bayanan da aka cire (AIR, layin da aka lanƙwasa) da ƙimar bayanan yanar gizo da ke da alaƙa (NDR, layin da aka haɗa) don ma'auni tare da ƙimar ƙimar kuskuren bit ƙasa da iyakar 25% SD-FEC; (d) Taswirar ido da tarihin ƙididdiga a ƙarƙashin daidaitawar PAM2, PAM4, PAM8.

Wannan aikin yana nuna na'urar LTOI electro-optic modulator ta farko mai saurin gudu tare da bandwidth na 3 dB na 110 GHz. A cikin gwaje-gwajen watsawa na IMDD kai tsaye, na'urar ta cimma ƙimar bayanai guda ɗaya na 405 Gbit/s, wanda yayi daidai da mafi kyawun aikin dandamalin electro-optic da ake da su kamar LNOI da masu gyaran plasma. A nan gaba, ta amfani da ƙarin rikitarwa.Mai daidaita IQƙira ko dabarun gyara kuskuren sigina mafi ci gaba, ko amfani da ƙananan substrates na microwave kamar quartz substrates, ana sa ran na'urorin lithium tantalate za su cimma ƙimar sadarwa na Tbit/s 2 ko sama da haka. Idan aka haɗa su da takamaiman fa'idodin LTOI, kamar ƙarancin birefringence da tasirin sikelin saboda yawan amfani da shi a wasu kasuwannin matatun RF, fasahar lithium tantalate photonics za ta samar da mafita masu rahusa, ƙarancin ƙarfi da sauri don hanyoyin sadarwa na gani na zamani masu sauri da tsarin microwave photonics.