Gabatarwa, nau'in ƙidayar photonna'urar gano ambaliyar ruwa ta layi
Fasahar ƙirgawa ta Photon za ta iya ƙara girman siginar photon gaba ɗaya don shawo kan hayaniyar karanta na'urorin lantarki, da kuma rikodin adadin fitowar photon da na'urar ganowa ta fitar a cikin wani lokaci ta hanyar amfani da halayen halitta na na'urar ganowa da ke fitar da siginar lantarki a ƙarƙashin hasken haske mai rauni, da kuma ƙididdige bayanan abin da aka auna bisa ga ƙimar mitar photon. Domin a cimma nasarar gano haske mai rauni sosai, an yi nazarin nau'ikan kayan aiki daban-daban waɗanda ke da ikon gano photon a ƙasashe daban-daban. Photodiode mai ƙarfi na yanayin zaftarewar ƙasa (na'urar gano hoto ta APD) wata na'ura ce da ke amfani da tasirin photoelectric na ciki don gano siginar haske. Idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin injin, na'urorin solid-state suna da fa'idodi bayyanannu a cikin saurin amsawa, ƙidayar duhu, amfani da wutar lantarki, girma da kuma ƙarfin maganadisu, da sauransu. Masana kimiyya sun gudanar da bincike bisa fasahar daukar hoto ta APD mai ƙarfi.
Na'urar gano hoto ta APDYana da yanayin Geiger (GM) da yanayin layi (LM) guda biyu, fasahar daukar hoton photon na APD na yanzu tana amfani da na'urar APD ta Geiger. Na'urorin APD na yanayin Geiger suna da babban tasiri a matakin photon guda ɗaya da kuma saurin amsawa mai yawa na daƙiƙa goma don samun daidaiton lokaci mai girma. Duk da haka, APD na yanayin Geiger yana da wasu matsaloli kamar lokacin da aka kashe na'urar ganowa, ƙarancin ingancin ganowa, babban kalmomin gani da ƙarancin ƙudurin sarari, don haka yana da wuya a inganta sabanin tsakanin ƙimar ganowa mai girma da ƙarancin ƙimar ƙararrawa ta ƙarya. Na'urorin daukar hoto bisa ga na'urorin HgCdTe APD masu kusan ƙara ba tare da hayaniya ba suna aiki a yanayin layi, ba su da ƙuntatawa na lokacin mutuwa da kuma iyakokin magana, ba su da wani matsayi bayan bugun jini da ke da alaƙa da yanayin Geiger, ba sa buƙatar da'irar kashewa, suna da kewayon motsi mai girma, kewayon amsawa mai faɗi da za a iya gyarawa, kuma ana iya inganta su daban-daban don ingancin ganowa da ƙimar ƙidayar ƙarya. Yana buɗe sabon filin aikace-aikacen hoton ƙirga photon na infrared, muhimmin alkibla ne na ci gaba na na'urorin ƙirga photon, kuma yana da fa'idodi masu yawa na aikace-aikace a cikin lura da sararin samaniya, sadarwa kyauta ta sararin samaniya, hoton aiki da na aiki, bin diddigin gefe da sauransu.
Ka'idar ƙirga photon a cikin na'urorin APD na HgCdTe
Na'urorin gano hoto na APD bisa kayan HgCdTe na iya rufe nau'ikan tsayin tsayi iri-iri, kuma ma'aunin ionization na electrons da ramuka sun bambanta sosai (duba Hoto na 1 (a)). Suna nuna tsarin ninkawa mai ɗaukar kaya guda ɗaya a cikin tsawon yankewa na 1.3 ~ 11 µm. Babu kusan hayaniya mai yawa (idan aka kwatanta da ma'aunin hayaniyar da ya wuce FSi~2-3 na na'urorin Si APD da FIII-V~4-5 na na'urorin iyali na III-V (duba Hoto na 1 (b)), don haka rabon sigina zuwa hayaniya na na'urorin kusan ba ya raguwa tare da ƙaruwar riba, wanda shine ingantaccen infrared.na'urar gano ambaliyar ruwa.
FIG. 1 (a) Alaƙa tsakanin rabon tasirin ionization na kayan mercury cadmium telluride da kuma bangaren x na Cd; (b) Kwatanta sinadarin hayaniya mai yawa F na na'urorin APD tare da tsarin kayan daban-daban
Fasahar ƙirgawa ta Photon sabuwar fasaha ce da za ta iya fitar da siginar gani daga hayaniyar zafi ta hanyar dijital ta hanyar warware bugun hasken photoelectron da aka samar ta hanyarna'urar gano hotoBayan karɓar photon guda ɗaya. Tunda siginar ƙarancin haske ta fi warwatse a yankin lokaci, fitowar siginar lantarki ta na'urar gano haske ita ma ta halitta ce kuma ta daban. Dangane da wannan halayyar haske mai rauni, ana amfani da ƙara bugun jini, wariyar bugun jini da dabarun ƙididdige dijital don gano haske mai rauni sosai. Fasahar ƙididdige photon ta zamani tana da fa'idodi da yawa, kamar babban rabon sigina zuwa hayaniya, babban wariya, daidaiton ma'auni mai yawa, kyakkyawan hana zamewa, kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, kuma tana iya fitar da bayanai zuwa kwamfuta a cikin nau'in siginar dijital don bincike da sarrafawa na gaba, wanda ba a iya kwatanta shi da sauran hanyoyin ganowa ba. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da tsarin ƙididdige photon sosai a fannin auna masana'antu da gano ƙananan haske, kamar na'urorin gani marasa layi, ilmin kwayoyin halitta, spectroscopy mai ƙuduri mai girma, photometry na ilmin taurari, auna gurɓataccen yanayi, da sauransu, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da siyan da gano ƙananan siginar haske. Na'urar gano dusar ƙanƙara ta Mercury cadmium telluride ba ta da wani hayaniya mai yawa, yayin da ƙaruwar ke ƙaruwa, rabon sigina zuwa hayaniya ba ya lalacewa, kuma babu wani ƙuntatawa na lokaci da bayan bugun jini da ya shafi na'urorin Geiger avalanche, wanda ya dace sosai don amfani a cikin ƙidayar photon, kuma muhimmin alkibla ce ta ci gaba na na'urorin ƙidayar photon a nan gaba.
Lokacin Saƙo: Janairu-14-2025