Gabatarwa, nau'in kirga photonlinzamin kwamfuta mai daukar hoto
Fasahar kirga Photon na iya haɓaka siginar photon gabaɗaya don shawo kan hayaniyar da aka karanta na na'urorin lantarki, da kuma yin rikodin adadin fitowar photon da na'urar ganowa a cikin wani ɗan lokaci ta hanyar yin amfani da sifofi masu hankali na na'urar gano siginar lantarki a ƙarƙashin ƙarancin haske. , kuma a lissafta bayanin ma'aunin da aka auna gwargwadon ƙimar mitar photon. Domin samun fahimtar gano haske mai rauni sosai, an yi nazarin nau'ikan kayan aiki iri-iri masu iya gano photon a ƙasashe daban-daban. Wani m yanayin ƙanƙara photodiode (APD photodetector) wata na'ura ce da ke amfani da tasirin photoelectric na ciki don gano alamun haske. Idan aka kwatanta da injin na'urori, na'urori masu ƙarfi na jihohi suna da fa'ida a bayyane a cikin saurin amsawa, ƙididdige duhu, amfani da wutar lantarki, ƙarar ƙarfi da ji na filin maganadisu, da dai sauransu. Masana kimiyya sun gudanar da bincike bisa ƙaƙƙarfan fasahar ƙidayar hoto ta APD.
Na'urar gano hoto ta APDYana da yanayin Geiger (GM) da yanayin layi (LM) yanayin aiki guda biyu, fasahar ƙidaya photon APD na yanzu yana amfani da na'urar APD yanayin Geiger. Yanayin Geiger APD na'urorin suna da babban hankali a matakin photon guda ɗaya da kuma saurin amsawa na dubun nanoseconds don samun daidaitaccen lokaci. Koyaya, yanayin Geiger APD yana da wasu matsaloli kamar gano lokacin mutuwa, ƙarancin ganowa, babban kalmar wucewar gani da ƙaramin ƙuduri, don haka yana da wahala a inganta sabani tsakanin ƙimar ganowa mai girma da ƙarancin ƙararrawar ƙarya. Masu ƙidayar Photon bisa ga na'urorin HgCdTe na APD marasa ƙarfi kusa-kusa suna aiki a cikin yanayin layi, ba su da mataccen lokaci da ƙuntatawa na magana, ba su da bugun bugun jini da ke da alaƙa da yanayin Geiger, ba sa buƙatar da'ira mai kashewa, suna da matsakaicin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, fadi. da kewayon martani mai iya daidaitawa, kuma ana iya inganta shi da kansa don ingantaccen ganowa da ƙimar ƙidayar ƙarya. Yana buɗe sabon filin aikace-aikace na infrared photon counting imaging, yana da muhimmin alkiblar ci gaba na na'urorin kirga photon, kuma yana da fa'idar aikace-aikace mai fa'ida a cikin kallon sararin samaniya, sadarwar sararin samaniya kyauta, hoto mai aiki da wucewa, bin diddigin gefuna da sauransu.
Ka'idar kirga photon a cikin na'urorin HgCdTe APD
APD photodetector na'urorin dogara a kan HgCdTe kayan iya rufe fadi da kewayon wavelengths, da ionization coefficients na electrons da ramukan ne sosai daban-daban (duba Hoto 1 (a)). Suna nuna hanyar haɓaka mai ɗaukar kaya guda ɗaya a cikin tsayin daka mai tsayi na 1.3 ~ 11 µm. Kusan babu hayaniya da yawa (idan aka kwatanta da ƙimar hayaniyar FSi ~ 2-3 na na'urorin Si APD da FIII-V ~ 4-5 na na'urorin iyali na III-V (duba Hoto 1 (b)), don haka siginar- rabon amo na na'urorin kusan baya raguwa tare da karuwar riba, wanda shine infrared mai kyaudusar ƙanƙara mai daukar hoto.
FIG. 1 (a) Dangantaka tsakanin tasirin ionization coefficient rabo na mercury cadmium telluride abu da bangaren x na Cd; (b) Kwatanta yawan hayaniyar F na na'urorin APD tare da tsarin abu daban-daban
Fasahar kirga Photon wata sabuwar fasaha ce da za ta iya fitar da sigina na gani a lambobi daga hayaniyar zafin rana ta hanyar warware ɓangarorin photoelectron wandamai daukar hotobayan samun photon guda daya. Tun da ƙananan siginar haske ya fi tarwatsewa a cikin yankin lokaci, fitowar siginar lantarki ta mai ganowa shima na halitta ne kuma mai hankali. Dangane da wannan sifa ta raunin haske, haɓaka bugun bugun jini, nuna wariyar bugun jini da dabarun kirga dijital galibi ana amfani da su don gano haske mai rauni sosai. Fasahar kirga photon ta zamani tana da fa'idodi da yawa, kamar girman sigina-zuwa-amo, babban nuna bambanci, babban daidaiton aunawa, kyakykyawar drift, kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, kuma yana iya fitar da bayanai zuwa kwamfuta ta hanyar siginar dijital don bincike na gaba. da sarrafa shi, wanda babu irinsa da sauran hanyoyin ganowa. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da tsarin kirgawa na photon sosai a fagen auna masana'antu da gano ƙananan haske, kamar na'urorin gani mara nauyi, ilmin halitta, ultra-high resolution spectroscopy, astronomical photometry, auna gurɓataccen yanayi, da dai sauransu, waɗanda ke da alaƙa. zuwa saye da gano siginar haske mai rauni. Mercury cadmium telluride avalanche photodetector yana da kusan babu hayaniya da yawa, yayin da riba ta karu, siginar siginar ba ta lalacewa, kuma babu lokacin mutuwa da ƙuntatawa bayan bugun bugun jini da ke da alaƙa da na'urorin dusar ƙanƙara na Geiger, wanda ya dace sosai don aikace-aikace a cikin kirga photon, kuma shine muhimmin alkiblar ci gaba na na'urorin kirga photon a nan gaba.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-14-2025