Gabatarwa, nau'in kirga photonlinzamin kwamfuta mai daukar hoto
Fasahar kirga Photon na iya cika cikakkiyar siginar photon don shawo kan hayaniyar da ake karantawa na na'urorin lantarki, da kuma yin rikodin adadin fitowar photon da na'urar ganowa ke fitarwa a cikin wani ɗan lokaci ta hanyar amfani da sifofin hankali na zahiri na na'urar gano fitarwar siginar lantarki a ƙarƙashin raunin haske mai rauni, da ƙididdige bayanin ma'aunin da aka auna daidai da ƙimar photon meter. Domin samun fahimtar gano haske mai rauni sosai, an yi nazarin nau'ikan kayan aiki iri-iri masu iya gano photon a ƙasashe daban-daban. Kyakkyawan yanayin ƙanƙara photodiode (APD photodetector) wata na'ura ce da ke amfani da tasirin hoto na ciki don gano alamun haske. Idan aka kwatanta da injin na'urori, na'urori masu ƙarfi na jihohi suna da fa'ida a bayyane a cikin saurin amsawa, ƙididdige duhu, amfani da wutar lantarki, ƙarar ƙarfi da ji na filin maganadisu, da dai sauransu. Masana kimiyya sun gudanar da bincike bisa ƙaƙƙarfan fasahar ƙidayar hoto ta APD.
Na'urar gano hoto ta APDYana da yanayin Geiger (GM) da yanayin layi (LM) yanayin aiki guda biyu, fasahar ƙidaya photon APD na yanzu yana amfani da na'urar APD yanayin Geiger. Yanayin Geiger APD na'urorin suna da babban hankali a matakin photon guda ɗaya da kuma saurin amsawa na dubun nanoseconds don samun daidaitaccen lokaci. Koyaya, yanayin Geiger APD yana da wasu matsaloli kamar gano lokacin mutuwa, ƙarancin ganowa, babban kalmar wucewar gani da ƙaramin ƙuduri, don haka yana da wahala a inganta sabani tsakanin ƙimar ganowa mai girma da ƙarancin ƙararrawar ƙarya. Masu ƙidayar Photon dangane da na'urorin HgCdTe APD marasa ƙarfi da ba su da hayaniya suna aiki a cikin yanayin layi, ba su da mataccen lokaci da ƙuntatawa na magana, ba su da bugun bugun jini da ke da alaƙa da yanayin Geiger, ba sa buƙatar da'irori mai kashewa, suna da kewayon mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, kewayon martani mai faɗi da mai iya daidaitawa, kuma ana iya inganta shi da kansa don ƙimar ganowa da ƙidayar ƙarya. Yana buɗe sabon filin aikace-aikace na infrared photon counting imaging, yana da muhimmin alkiblar ci gaba na na'urorin kirga photon, kuma yana da fa'idar aikace-aikace mai fa'ida a cikin kallon sararin samaniya, sadarwar sararin samaniya kyauta, hoto mai aiki da wucewa, bin diddigin gefuna da sauransu.
Ka'idar kirga photon a cikin na'urorin HgCdTe APD
APD photodetector na'urorin dogara a kan HgCdTe kayan iya rufe fadi da kewayon wavelengths, da ionization coefficients na electrons da ramukan ne sosai daban-daban (duba Hoto 1 (a)). Suna nuna hanyar haɓaka mai ɗaukar kaya guda ɗaya a cikin tsayin daka mai tsayi na 1.3 ~ 11 µm. Kusan babu hayaniyar da ta wuce (idan aka kwatanta da yawan amo factor FSi ~ 2-3 na Si APD na'urorin da FIII-V ~ 4-5 na III-V na'urorin iyali (duba Hoto 1 (b)), don haka da cewa siginar-zuwa amo rabo na na'urorin kusan ba ya raguwa tare da karuwa da riba, wanda shi ne manufa infrared.dusar ƙanƙara mai daukar hoto.
FIG. 1 (a) Dangantaka tsakanin tasirin ionization coefficient rabo na mercury cadmium telluride abu da bangaren x na Cd; (b) Kwatanta yawan hayaniyar F na na'urorin APD tare da tsarin abubuwa daban-daban
Fasahar kirga Photon wata sabuwar fasaha ce da za ta iya fitar da sigina na gani a lambobi daga hayaniyar zafin rana ta hanyar warware ɓangarorin photoelectron wandamai daukar hotobayan samun photon guda daya. Tun da ƙananan siginar haske ya fi tarwatsewa a cikin yankin lokaci, fitowar siginar lantarki ta mai ganowa shima na halitta ne kuma mai hankali. Dangane da wannan sifa ta raunin haske, haɓaka bugun bugun jini, nuna wariyar bugun jini da dabarun kirga dijital galibi ana amfani da su don gano haske mai rauni sosai. Fasahar kirga photon ta zamani tana da fa'idodi da yawa, kamar girman sigina-zuwa amo, babban nuna bambanci, babban daidaiton aunawa, kyakykyawar drift, kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, kuma yana iya fitar da bayanai zuwa kwamfuta ta hanyar siginar dijital don bincike da sarrafawa na gaba, wanda babu irinsa da sauran hanyoyin ganowa. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da tsarin kirgawa na photon a fagen auna masana'antu da gano ƙananan haske, kamar na'urorin gani marasa ƙarfi, ilmin halitta, ultra-high resolution spectroscopy, astronomical photometry, auna gurɓataccen yanayi, da dai sauransu, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da saye da gano siginar raunin rauni. The mercury cadmium telluride avalanche photodetector yana da kusan babu wuce haddi amo, kamar yadda riba karuwa, da sigina-to-amo rabo ba rube, kuma babu wani mutuwa lokaci da post-pulse ƙuntatawa alaka Geiger dusar ƙanƙara na'urorin, wanda shi ne sosai dace da aikace-aikace a photon kirgawa, kuma shi ne wani muhimmin ci gaba shugabanci na photon kirga na'urorin a nan gaba.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-14-2025