Gabatar da silicon photonic Mach-Zehnder modulatorMai daidaita MZM
Ma'aunin Mach-Zehnder shine mafi mahimmancin sashi a ƙarshen mai watsawa a cikin kayan aikin silicon photonic na 400G/800G. A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan masu daidaitawa guda biyu a ƙarshen mai watsawa na kayan aikin silicon photonic da aka samar da yawa: Nau'i ɗaya shine mai daidaita PAM4 bisa ga yanayin aiki na tashar guda ɗaya 100Gbps, wanda ke cimma watsa bayanai 800Gbps ta hanyar hanyar layi ɗaya ta tashoshi 4/8 kuma galibi ana amfani da shi a cibiyoyin bayanai da GPUs. Tabbas, mai daidaita ma'aunin silicon photonics na tashar guda ɗaya 200Gbps Mach-Zender wanda zai yi gogayya da EML bayan samar da taro a 100Gbps bai kamata ya kasance da nisa ba. Nau'i na biyu shineMai daidaita IQAna amfani da shi a cikin sadarwa mai haɗin kai ta nesa mai nisa. Nutsewar haɗin kai da aka ambata a wannan matakin yana nufin nisan watsawa na na'urorin gani tun daga dubban kilomita a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta baya ta birni zuwa na'urorin gani na ZR waɗanda suka kama daga kilomita 80 zuwa 120, har ma zuwa na'urorin gani na LR waɗanda suka kama daga kilomita 10 a nan gaba.
Ka'idar babban gudumasu daidaita siliconza a iya raba shi zuwa sassa biyu: na'urorin gani da wutar lantarki.
Sashen gani: Babban ƙa'idar ita ce ma'aunin Mach-Zehnder. Hasken haske yana ratsa ta cikin na'urar raba haske mai ƙarfin 50-50 kuma ya zama haske biyu masu ƙarfi iri ɗaya, wanda ke ci gaba da yaɗuwa a cikin hannaye biyu na mai daidaita haske. Ta hanyar sarrafa lokaci akan ɗayan hannaye (wato, ana canza ma'aunin refractive na silicon ta hanyar hita don canza saurin yaɗuwar hannu ɗaya), ana yin haɗin ƙarshe na haske a fitowar hannaye biyu. Tsawon lokacin tsangwama (inda kololuwar hannaye biyu ke kaiwa lokaci guda) da soke tsangwama (inda bambancin lokaci yake 90° kuma kololuwar suna gaban magudanar ruwa) ana iya cimma ta hanyar tsangwama, ta haka ana daidaita ƙarfin haske (wanda za'a iya fahimtarsa a matsayin 1 da 0 a cikin siginar dijital). Wannan fahimta ce mai sauƙi kuma hanya ce ta sarrafawa don wurin aiki a cikin aiki mai amfani. Misali, a cikin sadarwa ta bayanai, muna aiki a wuri 3dB ƙasa da kololuwar, kuma a cikin sadarwa mai jituwa, muna aiki a wuri mara haske. Duk da haka, wannan hanyar sarrafa bambancin lokaci ta hanyar dumama da watsawar zafi don sarrafa siginar fitarwa tana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo kuma kawai ba za ta iya biyan buƙatunmu na watsa 100Gbbs a kowace daƙiƙa ba. Saboda haka, dole ne mu nemo hanyar da za mu cimma saurin daidaitawa.
Sashen lantarki galibi ya ƙunshi sashin haɗin PN wanda ke buƙatar canza ma'aunin refractive a babban mita, da kuma tsarin lantarki mai tafiya wanda ya dace da saurin siginar lantarki da siginar gani. Ka'idar canza ma'aunin refractive shine tasirin watsawa na plasma, wanda kuma aka sani da tasirin watsawa mai ɗaukar kaya kyauta. Yana nufin tasirin jiki wanda lokacin da yawan masu ɗaukar kaya kyauta a cikin kayan semiconductor ya canza, ainihin sassan da aka yi tunanin ma'aunin refractive na kayan suma suna canzawa daidai gwargwado. Lokacin da yawan masu ɗaukar kaya a cikin kayan semiconductor ya ƙaru, ma'aunin sha na kayan yana ƙaruwa yayin da ainihin ɓangaren refractive ya ragu. Hakazalika, lokacin da masu ɗaukar kaya a cikin kayan semiconductor suka ragu, ma'aunin sha yana raguwa yayin da ainihin ɓangaren refractive ya ƙaru. Tare da irin wannan tasirin, a aikace-aikace, ana iya cimma daidaiton siginar mita mai yawa ta hanyar daidaita adadin masu ɗaukar kaya a cikin jagorar watsawa. Daga ƙarshe, siginar 0 da 1 suna bayyana a matsayin fitarwa, suna loda siginar lantarki mai sauri zuwa girman ƙarfin haske. Hanyar cimma wannan ita ce ta hanyar mahadar PN. Masu ɗaukar silikon mai kyauta ba su da yawa, kuma canjin adadi bai isa ya cika canjin ma'aunin refractive ba. Saboda haka, ya zama dole a ƙara tushen mai ɗaukar kaya a cikin jagorar watsawa ta hanyar yin amfani da silikon doping don cimma canjin ma'aunin refractive, ta haka ne za a cimma babban canjin saurin.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-12-2025