Yadda ake rage hayaniyar masu gano hoto

Yadda ake rage hayaniyar masu gano hoto

Hayaniyar na'urorin gano haske ta ƙunshi: hayaniyar yanzu, hayaniyar zafi, hayaniyar harbi, hayaniyar 1/f da hayaniyar faɗin band, da sauransu. Wannan rarrabuwar ta kasance mai wahala kawai. A wannan karon, za mu gabatar da ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da hayaniyar da rarrabuwa don taimaka wa kowa ya fahimci tasirin nau'ikan hayaniyar daban-daban akan siginar fitarwa na na'urorin gano haske. Ta hanyar fahimtar tushen hayaniyar ne kawai za mu iya rage da inganta hayaniyar na'urorin gano haske ta hanyar inganta rabon sigina zuwa hayaniyar tsarin.

Hayaniyar harbi wani sauyi ne na bazata wanda ke faruwa sakamakon yanayin da ke tsakanin masu ɗaukar caji. Musamman a tasirin hasken rana, lokacin da photons suka buga abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da hasken rana don samar da electrons, samar da waɗannan electrons bazuwar ne kuma ya dace da rarrabawar Poisson. Halayen spectral na hayaniyar harbi ba su da faɗi kuma ba su dogara da girman mita ba, don haka ana kiransa farin hayaniyar. Bayanin lissafi: Ana iya bayyana ƙimar tushen matsakaicin murabba'i (RMS) na hayaniyar harbi kamar haka:

Tsakanin su:

e: Cajin lantarki (kimanin 1.6 × 10-19 coulombs)

Idark: Hasken rana mai duhu

Δf: Faɗin Band

Hayaniyar harbi tana daidai da girman wutar lantarki kuma tana da karko a duk mitoci. A cikin dabarar, Idark yana wakiltar hasken rana mai duhu na photodiode. Wato, idan babu haske, hasken rana mai duhu yana da hayaniyar hasken rana mai duhu da ba a so. Kamar yadda hayaniyar da ke cikinta a ƙarshen gaban na'urar gano haske, girman hasken rana mai duhu, haka nan hayaniyar na'urar gano haske. Hasken rana mai duhu kuma yana shafar ƙarfin lantarki mai aiki na photodiode, wato, girman ƙarfin lantarki mai aiki na bias, haka nan hasken rana mai duhu. Duk da haka, ƙarfin lantarki mai aiki na bias kuma yana shafar ƙarfin mahaɗin na'urar gano haske, wanda hakan ke tasiri ga gudu da bandwidth na na'urar gano haske. Bugu da ƙari, girman ƙarfin lantarki mai aiki na bias, haka nan gudun da bandwidth. Saboda haka, dangane da hayaniyar harbi, hasken rana mai duhu da aikin bandwidth na photodiodes, ya kamata a yi ƙira mai ma'ana bisa ga ainihin buƙatun aikin.

2. 1/f Hayaniyar Flicker

Hayaniyar 1/f, wadda aka fi sani da hayaniyar walƙiya, galibi tana faruwa ne a cikin ƙananan mitoci kuma tana da alaƙa da abubuwa kamar lahani na abu ko tsaftar saman. Daga zane-zanen halayen hasken, za a iya ganin cewa yawan hasken hasken wutar lantarkinsa ya ƙanƙanta sosai a cikin babban mitoci fiye da na ƙananan mitoci, kuma ga kowane sau 100 da ya karu a cikin mita, hayaniyar hasken wutar lantarki tana raguwa da sau 10. Yawan hasken wutar lantarki na hayaniyar 1/f ya yi daidai da mita, wato:

Tsakanin su:

SI(f): Ƙarfin hayaniya mai yawa a cikin hasken rana

I: Na yanzu

f: Mita

Hayaniyar 1/f tana da mahimmanci a cikin ƙarancin mitoci kuma tana raguwa yayin da mitar ke ƙaruwa. Wannan halayyar ta sa ta zama babban tushen tsangwama a cikin aikace-aikacen ƙananan mitoci. Hayaniyar 1/f da hayaniyar faɗin band galibi suna fitowa ne daga hayaniyar ƙarfin lantarki na amplifier mai aiki a cikin na'urar gano hoto. Akwai wasu hanyoyin hayaniya da yawa waɗanda ke shafar hayaniyar masu gano hoto, kamar hayaniyar samar da wutar lantarki na amplifier mai aiki, hayaniyar yanzu, da hayaniyar zafi na cibiyar sadarwa ta juriya a cikin samun da'irori masu auna sauti na aiki.

3. Hayaniyar ƙarfin lantarki da hayaniyar wutar lantarki ta amplifier mai aiki: An nuna ƙarfin lantarki da yawan hasken wutar lantarki a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa:

A cikin da'irorin amplifier na aiki, hayaniyar yanzu an raba ta zuwa hayaniyar yanzu a cikin mataki da kuma juya hayaniyar yanzu. Hayaniyar yanzu a cikin mataki i+ tana gudana ta cikin juriyar ciki ta tushen Rs, tana samar da hayaniyar lantarki daidai u1= i+*Rs. I- Juya hayaniyar yanzu tana gudana ta cikin resistor mai daidai gwargwado na gain R don samar da hayaniyar lantarki daidai u2= I-* R. Don haka lokacin da RS na samar da wutar lantarki ya yi girma, hayaniyar wutar lantarki da aka canza daga hayaniyar yanzu ita ma tana da girma sosai. Saboda haka, don ingantawa don ingantaccen hayaniya, hayaniyar samar da wutar lantarki (gami da juriyar ciki) ita ma babbar hanya ce don ingantawa. Yawan hayaniyar yanzu ba ya canzawa tare da bambance-bambancen mita. Saboda haka, bayan da'irar ta ƙara shi, kamar hasken rana mai duhu na photodiode, yana samar da hayaniyar harbi ta na'urar gano hoto gaba ɗaya.

4. Ana iya ƙididdige hayaniyar zafi ta hanyar amfani da dabarar da ke ƙasa:

Tsakanin su:

k: Boltzmann mai ƙarfi (1.38 × 10-23J/K)

T: Cikakken Zafin Jiki (K)

R: Hayaniyar zafi ta juriya (ohms) tana da alaƙa da zafin jiki da ƙimar juriya, kuma bakan nata yana da faɗi. Ana iya gani daga dabarar cewa girman ƙimar juriyar riba, haka nan girman hayaniyar zafi. Girman bandwidth, haka nan kuma hayaniyar zafi za ta kasance. Saboda haka, don tabbatar da cewa ƙimar juriya da ƙimar bandwidth sun cika buƙatun riba da buƙatun bandwidth, kuma a ƙarshe suna buƙatar ƙarancin hayaniya ko babban rabon sigina-zuwa-hayaniya, zaɓin masu juriyar riba yana buƙatar a yi la'akari da kyau kuma a kimanta shi bisa ga ainihin buƙatun aikin don cimma daidaitaccen rabon sigina-zuwa-hayaniya na tsarin.

Takaitaccen Bayani

Fasahar inganta hayaniya tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta aikin na'urorin gano haske da na'urorin lantarki. Daidaito mai kyau yana nufin ƙarancin hayaniya. Yayin da fasaha ke buƙatar daidaito mai kyau, buƙatun hayaniya, rabon sigina-zuwa-hayaniya, da ƙarfin hayaniya iri ɗaya na na'urorin gano haske suma suna ƙaruwa.