Nanolaser wani nau'in na'ura ne na micro da nano wanda aka yi da nanomaterials kamar nanowire a matsayin resonator kuma yana iya fitar da Laser a karkashin photoexcitation ko lantarki. Girman wannan Laser sau da yawa kawai daruruwan microns ko ma dubun microns, kuma diamita ne har zuwa nanometer domin, wanda shi ne wani muhimmin ɓangare na nan gaba bakin ciki nunin fim, hadedde optics da sauran filayen.
Rabewar nanolaser:
1. Nanowire Laser
A shekara ta 2001, masu bincike a Jami'ar California, Berkeley, a Amurka, sun ƙirƙiri laser mafi ƙanƙanta a duniya - nanolasers - akan waya nanooptic kawai kashi ɗaya bisa ɗari na tsawon gashin ɗan adam. Wannan Laser ba wai kawai yana fitar da Laser na ultraviolet ba, amma kuma ana iya saurara don fitar da lasers daga shuɗi zuwa zurfin ultraviolet. Masu binciken sun yi amfani da daidaitacciyar dabara da ake kira Epiphytation daidaitacce don ƙirƙirar laser daga lu'ulu'u masu tsabta na zinc oxide. Da farko sun yi “al’ada” nanowires, wato, an yi su a kan wani dutsen zinare mai diamita na 20nm zuwa 150nm da tsawon 10,000 nm tsarkakakken wayoyi na zinc oxide. Bayan haka, lokacin da masu binciken suka kunna lu'ulu'u masu tsabta na zinc oxide a cikin nanowires tare da wani Laser a ƙarƙashin greenhouse, tsarkakan lu'ulu'u na zinc oxide sun fitar da Laser mai tsayin 17nm kawai. Ana iya amfani da irin waɗannan nanolasers daga ƙarshe don gano sinadarai da haɓaka ƙarfin ajiyar bayanai na diski na kwamfuta da kwamfutocin photonic.
2. Ultraviolet nanolaser
Bayan zuwan micro-laser, micro-disk lasers, micro-ring lasers, da quantum avalanche lasers, masanin kimiyyar Yang Peidong da abokan aikinsa a Jami'ar California, Berkeley, sun yi nanolasers na zafin daki. Wannan zinc oxide nanolaser na iya fitar da Laser tare da layin da bai wuce 0.3nm ba da kuma tsawon 385nm a ƙarƙashin kuzarin haske, wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin mafi ƙarancin laser a duniya kuma ɗaya daga cikin na'urori masu amfani na farko da aka kera ta amfani da nanotechnology. A cikin matakin farko na ci gaba, masu bincike sun annabta cewa wannan ZnO nanolaser yana da sauƙin ƙera, babban haske, ƙananan girman, kuma aikin yana daidai da ko ma mafi kyau fiye da GaN blue lasers. Saboda ikon yin manyan nanowire masu yawa, ZnO nanolasers na iya shigar da aikace-aikacen da yawa waɗanda ba su yiwuwa tare da na'urorin GaAs na yau. Don haɓaka irin waɗannan lasers, ZnO nanowire an haɗa shi ta hanyar jigilar iskar gas wanda ke haɓaka haɓakar kristal epitaxial. Na farko, da sapphire substrate an mai rufi da Layer na 1 nm ~ 3.5nm lokacin farin ciki fim na zinariya, sa'an nan kuma sanya shi a kan wani jirgin ruwan alumina, da kayan da substrate suna mai tsanani zuwa 880 ° C ~ 905 ° C a cikin ammonia kwarara don samar. Zn tururi, sa'an nan kuma Zn tururi ana hawa zuwa substrate. Nanowires na 2μm ~ 10μm tare da yanki na giciye hexagonal an samar da su a cikin tsarin girma na 2min ~ 10min. Masu binciken sun gano cewa ZnO nanowire yana samar da rami na Laser na halitta tare da diamita daga 20nm zuwa 150nm, kuma mafi yawan (95%) na diamita shine 70nm zuwa 100nm. Don yin nazarin fitar da hayaƙin nanowires, masu binciken sun zazzage samfurin a cikin greenhouse tare da fitowar jituwa ta huɗu na Nd: YAG Laser (tsayin tsayin 266nm, faɗin bugun jini 3ns). A lokacin juyin halitta na bakan watsi, hasken yana gurgunta tare da karuwar ikon famfo. Lokacin da lasin ya wuce madaidaicin ZnO nanowire (kimanin 40kW/cm), mafi girman ma'ana zai bayyana a cikin bakan fitarwa. Faɗin layin waɗannan manyan maki bai wuce 0.3nm ba, wanda ya fi 1/50 ƙasa da faɗin layin daga juzu'in fitar da ke ƙasa da bakin kofa. Wadannan kunkuntar layin layi da saurin haɓakar haɓakar fitar da hayaki ya sa masu binciken suka yanke shawarar cewa haƙiƙa fitar da hayaƙi yana faruwa a cikin waɗannan nanowires. Saboda haka, wannan nanowire tsararru iya aiki a matsayin halitta resonator kuma ta haka ya zama manufa micro Laser tushen. Masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa ana iya amfani da wannan ɗan gajeren zangon nanolaser a fannonin kwamfuta na gani, adana bayanai da nanoanalyzer.
3. Ƙididdigar rijiyar laser
Kafin da kuma bayan 2010, fadin layin da aka zana akan guntu na semiconductor zai kai 100nm ko ƙasa da haka, kuma za a sami 'yan electrons da ke motsawa a cikin da'irar, kuma haɓakawa da raguwar na'urar za ta yi tasiri sosai ga aikin na'urar. kewaye. Don magance wannan matsalar, an haifi las ɗin rijiyar quantum. A cikin injiniyoyi na ƙididdigewa, wani fili mai yuwuwa wanda ke hana motsin electrons da ƙididdige su ana kiransa rijiyar quantum. Ana amfani da wannan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga don samar da matakan makamashi na ƙididdigewa a cikin aiki mai aiki na laser semiconductor, ta yadda canjin lantarki tsakanin matakan makamashi ya mamaye hasken haske na Laser, wanda shine adadi mai kyau na laser. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan laser quantum rijiyar: Laser layin ƙididdigewa da lasar quantum ɗigo.
① Layin Layin Quantum
Masana kimiyya sun kirkiro Laser na waya mai adadi wanda ya ninka karfin Laser na gargajiya sau 1,000, inda suka dauki wani babban mataki wajen samar da kwamfutoci da na’urorin sadarwa masu sauri. Laser, wanda zai iya ƙara saurin sauti, bidiyo, Intanet da sauran hanyoyin sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwar fiber-optic, masana kimiyya a Jami'ar Yale, Lucent Technologies Bell LABS a New Jersey da Cibiyar Max Planck na Physics a Dresden ne suka kirkiro. Jamus. Wadannan Laser masu karfin gaske za su rage bukatar masu Repeaters masu tsada, wadanda ake sanya su a kowane kilomita 80 (mil 50) tare da layin sadarwa, kuma suna sake samar da bugun laser wanda ba ya da karfi yayin da suke tafiya ta hanyar fiber (Repeaters).
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-15-2023