Nanolaser wani nau'in na'urar micro da nano ne wanda aka yi da kayan nano kamar nanowire a matsayin resonator kuma yana iya fitar da laser a ƙarƙashin hasken haske ko motsin lantarki. Girman wannan laser galibi ɗaruruwan microns ne kawai ko ma goma na microns, kuma diamita ya kai ga tsarin nanometer, wanda muhimmin ɓangare ne na nunin fim na gaba, na'urorin gani da aka haɗa da sauran fannoni.
Rarraba nanolaser:
1. Nanowire laser
A shekara ta 2001, masu bincike a Jami'ar California, Berkeley, a Amurka, sun ƙirƙiri ƙaramin laser a duniya - nanolasers - a kan wayar nanoptic kawai kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na tsawon gashin ɗan adam. Wannan laser ba wai kawai yana fitar da lasers na ultraviolet ba, har ma ana iya daidaita shi don fitar da lasers daga shuɗi zuwa zurfin ultraviolet. Masu binciken sun yi amfani da wata dabara ta yau da kullun da ake kira oriented epiphytation don ƙirƙirar laser daga lu'ulu'u na zinc oxide masu tsarki. Da farko sun ƙirƙiri nanowires masu "girma", wato, an samar da su akan wani yanki na zinariya mai diamita na 20nm zuwa 150nm da tsawon wayoyi na zinc oxide masu tsarki na 10,000nm. Sannan, lokacin da masu binciken suka kunna lu'ulu'u na zinc oxide masu tsarki a cikin nanowires tare da wani laser a ƙarƙashin gidan kore, lu'ulu'u na zinc oxide masu tsarki sun fitar da laser mai tsawon nisan nm 17 kawai. Irin waɗannan nanolasers daga ƙarshe za a iya amfani da su don gano sinadarai da inganta ƙarfin adana bayanai na faifan kwamfuta da kwamfutocin photonic.
2. Nanolaser na Ultraviolet
Bayan zuwan ƙananan lasers, ƙananan lasers, ƙananan lasers, da ƙananan raƙuman ruwa, masanin kimiyya Yang Peidong da abokan aikinsa a Jami'ar California, Berkeley, sun yi ƙananan lasers na zafin ɗaki. Wannan ƙaramin laser na zinc oxide zai iya fitar da laser mai faɗi ƙasa da 0.3nm da tsawon tsayi na 385nm a ƙarƙashin hasken haske, wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin ƙaramin laser a duniya kuma ɗaya daga cikin na'urori na farko da aka ƙera ta amfani da fasahar nanotechnology. A matakin farko na haɓakawa, masu binciken sun yi hasashen cewa wannan ƙaramin laser na ZnO yana da sauƙin ƙera, haske mai yawa, ƙaramin girma, kuma aikin ya yi daidai da ko ma ya fi ƙarfin lasers na shuɗi na GaN. Saboda ikon yin manyan nanowire, nanolasers na ZnO na iya shigar da aikace-aikace da yawa waɗanda ba za su yiwu ba tare da na'urorin GaAs na yau. Domin haɓaka irin waɗannan lasers, ana haɗa nanowire na ZnO ta hanyar jigilar iskar gas wanda ke haɓaka haɓakar lu'ulu'u na epitaxial. Da farko, an shafa sinadarin sapphire da wani Layer na fim ɗin zinare mai kauri 1 nm ~ 3.5nm, sannan a sanya shi a kan jirgin ruwan alumina, ana dumama kayan da substrate zuwa 880 ° C ~ 905 ° C a cikin kwararar ammonia don samar da tururin Zn, sannan a kai tururin Zn zuwa substrate. An samar da nanowires na 2μm ~ 10μm tare da yanki mai faɗi hexagonal a cikin tsarin girma na minti 2 ~ 10. Masu binciken sun gano cewa nanowire na ZnO yana samar da ramin laser na halitta tare da diamita na 20nm zuwa 150nm, kuma mafi yawan (95%) na diamitarsa shine 70nm zuwa 100nm. Don nazarin fitar da nanowires masu motsawa, masu binciken sun yi amfani da hasken ido wajen hura samfurin a cikin gidan kore tare da fitowar harmonic na huɗu na laser Nd:YAG (tsawo 266nm, faɗin bugun 3ns). A lokacin juyin halittar bakan fitar da hayaki, hasken ya lalace tare da ƙaruwar ƙarfin famfo. Idan lasing ɗin ya wuce iyakar nanowire na ZnO (kimanin 40kW/cm), mafi girman maki zai bayyana a cikin bakan fitar da hayaki. Faɗin layin waɗannan mafi girman maki bai wuce 0.3nm ba, wanda ya fi ƙasa da 1/50 da faɗin layin daga gefen fitar da hayaki da ke ƙasa da iyakar. Waɗannan ƙananan layukan layi da ƙaruwa cikin sauri a cikin ƙarfin fitar da hayaki sun sa masu binciken suka yanke shawarar cewa hayakin da ke motsawa yana faruwa a cikin waɗannan nanowires. Saboda haka, wannan jerin nanowire na iya aiki a matsayin resonator na halitta kuma don haka ya zama tushen micro laser mai kyau. Masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa ana iya amfani da wannan nanolaser na ɗan gajeren zango a fannoni na kwamfuta na gani, adana bayanai da nanoanalyzer.
3. Lasers na rijiyar kwantum
Kafin da kuma bayan shekarar 2010, faɗin layin da aka zana a kan guntuwar semiconductor zai kai 100nm ko ƙasa da haka, kuma za a sami 'yan electrons kaɗan da ke motsawa a cikin da'irar, kuma ƙaruwa da raguwar electron zai yi tasiri sosai kan aikin da'irar. Don magance wannan matsalar, an haifi lasers na rijiyar quantum. A cikin makanikan quantum, wani yanki mai yuwuwa wanda ke iyakance motsin electrons kuma yana ƙididdige su ana kiransa rijiyar quantum. Ana amfani da wannan ƙuntatawa ta quantum don samar da matakan kuzarin quantum a cikin Layer mai aiki na laser semiconductor, don haka sauyawar lantarki tsakanin matakan kuzari ya mamaye hasken laser mai motsawa, wanda shine laser na rijiyar quantum. Akwai nau'ikan lasers na rijiyar quantum guda biyu: lasers na layin quantum da lasers na dot.
① Laser na layin kwantum
Masana kimiyya sun ƙirƙiro na'urorin laser na waya na quantum waɗanda suka fi ƙarfin laser na gargajiya sau 1,000, suna ɗaukar babban mataki wajen ƙirƙirar kwamfutoci da na'urorin sadarwa masu sauri. Masana kimiyya a Jami'ar Yale, Lucent Technologies Bell LABS da ke New Jersey da Cibiyar Max Planck ta Physics da ke Dresden, Jamus ne suka ƙirƙiro na'urar laser, wacce za ta iya ƙara saurin sauti, bidiyo, intanet da sauran nau'ikan sadarwa ta hanyar hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber-optic, waɗanda masana kimiyya a Jami'ar Yale, Lucent Technologies Bell LABS da ke New Jersey da Cibiyar Max Planck ta Physics da ke Dresden, Jamus suka ƙirƙiro. Waɗannan na'urorin laser masu ƙarfi za su rage buƙatar na'urorin Repeaters masu tsada, waɗanda ake sanyawa a kowane kilomita 80 (mil 50) a kan layin sadarwa, suna sake samar da bugun laser waɗanda ba su da ƙarfi yayin da suke tafiya ta cikin zare (Maimaitawa).
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-15-2023