Kwanan nan, Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha ta gabatar da Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙarfafa Haske ta eXawatt (XCELS), shirin bincike na manyan na'urorin kimiyya wanda ya dogara da musamman.high iko lasers. Aikin ya hada da gina wani sosaihigh iko Laserdangane da fasahar haɓaka bugun jini na gani na gani a cikin babban buɗaɗɗen potassium dideuterium phosphate (DKDP, dabarar sinadarai KD2PO4) lu'ulu'u, tare da jimillar fitarwa na 600 PW mafi girman ƙarfin bugun jini. Wannan aikin yana ba da cikakkun bayanai masu mahimmanci da binciken bincike game da aikin XCELS da tsarin laser, yana bayyana aikace-aikace da tasirin tasirin da ke da alaƙa da hulɗar filin haske mai ƙarfi.
An gabatar da shirin na XCELS a cikin 2011 tare da manufar farko na cimma babban ikoLaserbugun bugun jini na 200 PW, wanda a halin yanzu an inganta shi zuwa 600 PW. Nasatsarin laserya dogara da mahimman fasaha guda uku:
(1) Ana amfani da fasaha na Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙaƙa ne na Ƙaƙa ) na Ƙaƙa ne na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Chirped Pulse Amplification na gargajiya na Chirped (Chirped Pulse Amplification, OPCPA). CPA) fasaha;
(2) Yin amfani da DKDP a matsayin matsakaicin riba, madaidaicin lokaci mai fa'ida yana samuwa kusa da tsayin 910 nm;
(3) Babban buɗaɗɗen Laser gilashin neodymium tare da ƙarfin bugun jini na dubban joules ana amfani da shi don yin famfo na'urar ƙararrawa.
Ultra-wideband lokaci matching ana yadu samu a da yawa lu'ulu'u da ake amfani a OPCPA femtosecond Laser. Ana amfani da lu'ulu'u na DKDP saboda sune kawai kayan da aka samo a aikace waɗanda za'a iya girma zuwa dubun santimita na buɗe ido kuma a lokaci guda suna da halayen gani masu yarda don tallafawa haɓaka ƙarfin PW da yawa.Laser. An gano cewa lokacin da aka fitar da lu'ulu'u na DKDP ta hanyar hasken mitar gilashin ND biyu, idan ma'aunin motsi na bugun bugun jini ya kasance 910 nm, sharuɗɗa uku na farko na fadada Taylor na rashin daidaituwar raƙuman ruwa sune 0.
Hoto 1 tsari ne na tsarin Laser na XCELS. Ƙarshen gaba ya haifar da bugun jini na femtosecond tare da tsakiyar tsayin 910 nm (1.3 a cikin Hoto 1) da 1054 nm nanosecond bugun jini da aka allura a cikin OPCPA da aka yi amfani da laser (1.1 da 1.2 a cikin Hoto 1). Ƙarshen gaba kuma yana tabbatar da aiki tare da waɗannan nau'ikan bugun jini da kuma abubuwan da ake buƙata na makamashi da sigogin sararin samaniya. Matsakaicin OPCPA mai aiki akan ƙimar maimaitawa mafi girma (1 Hz) yana haɓaka bugun bugun jini zuwa dubun joules (2 cikin hoto 1). Booster OPCPA yana ƙara haɓaka bugun jini zuwa katako na kilojoule guda ɗaya kuma an raba shi zuwa ƙananan katako guda 12 (4 a cikin hoto na 1). A cikin OPCPA 12 na ƙarshe, kowanne daga cikin ƙwanƙwasa 12 da aka ƙwanƙwasa ana ƙara girma zuwa matakin kilojoule (5 a cikin Hoto 1) sannan kuma ana matsawa ta 12 compression gratings (GC na 6 a cikin Hoto 1). Ana amfani da filtatar watsa shirye-shirye na acousto-optic a ƙarshen gaba don sarrafa daidaitaccen tarwatsawar rukuni da babban tsari, don samun mafi ƙarancin yuwuwar bugun bugun jini. Bakan bugun bugun jini yana da siffa na kusan oda na 12 na supergauss, kuma bandwidth na ban mamaki a 1% na matsakaicin ƙimar shine 150 nm, wanda yayi daidai da ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun canji na Fourier na 17 fs. Idan aka yi la'akari da rashin cikar diyya na rarrabawa da kuma wahalar ramuwa na lokaci mara kyau a cikin amplifiers na ma'auni, faɗin bugun bugun jini da ake tsammanin shine 20 fs.
Laser na XCELS zai yi amfani da tashoshi 8-tashar UFL-2M neodymium gilashin Laser na mitar mitar nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan mitar mita biyu (3 a cikin Hoto na 1), wanda za a yi amfani da tashoshi 13 don kunna Booster OPCPA da OPCPA 12 na ƙarshe. Sauran tashoshi uku za a yi amfani da su azaman nanosecond kilojoule mai zaman kantatushen laserdon sauran gwaje-gwaje. Iyakance ta bakin kofa na fashewar gani na lu'ulu'u na DKDP, an saita ƙarfin iska mai ƙarfi na bugun bugun jini zuwa 1.5 GW/cm2 ga kowane tashoshi kuma tsawon lokacin shine 3.5 ns.
Kowane tashoshi na Laser XCELS yana samar da bugun jini tare da ƙarfin 50 PW. Jimlar tashoshi 12 suna samar da jimlar ƙarfin fitarwa na 600 PW. A cikin babban ɗakin da aka yi niyya, matsakaicin ƙarfin mayar da hankali na kowane tashoshi a ƙarƙashin ingantattun yanayi shine 0.44 × 1025 W/cm2, yana ɗauka cewa ana amfani da abubuwan da aka mayar da hankali akan F/1 don mayar da hankali. Idan bugun bugun kowane tashar yana ƙara matsawa zuwa 2.6 fs ta hanyar fasaha ta bayan-matsawa, za a ƙara ƙarfin bugun jini mai dacewa zuwa 230 PW, daidai da ƙarfin haske na 2.0 × 1025 W / cm2.
Don cimma ƙarfin haske mafi girma, a 600 PW fitarwa, hasken wuta a cikin tashoshi 12 za a mayar da hankali a cikin lissafi na inverse dipole radiation, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 2. Lokacin da kullun bugun jini a kowane tashar ba a kulle ba, ƙarfin mayar da hankali zai iya. isa 9 × 1025 W/cm2. Idan kowane lokaci bugun bugun jini yana kulle kuma yana aiki tare, za'a ƙara ƙarfin haske mai daidaituwa zuwa 3.2 × 1026 W/cm2. Baya ga babban ɗakin da aka yi niyya, aikin XCELS ya ƙunshi dakunan gwaje-gwaje masu amfani har guda 10, kowannensu yana karɓar katako ɗaya ko fiye don gwaji. Yin amfani da wannan kyakkyawan filin haske, XCELS Project shirin gudanar da gwaje-gwajen a cikin rukuni hudu: Quanintum Ewatesdynamics a cikin zafin rana na Laserints; A samarwa da hanzari na barbashi; Ƙirƙirar radiation electromagnetic na biyu; Laboratory astrophysics, babban matakan makamashi mai yawa da bincike na bincike.
FIG. 2 Mai da hankali kan lissafi a cikin babban ɗakin da aka yi niyya. Don bayyanawa, an saita madubin parabolic na katako 6 zuwa bayyananne, kuma shigarwa da katakon fitarwa suna nuna tashoshi biyu kawai 1 da 7
Hoto 3 yana nuna shimfidar wuri na kowane yanki mai aiki na tsarin Laser XCELS a cikin ginin gwaji. Wutar lantarki, fanfunan injina, maganin ruwa, tsarkakewa da kwandishan suna cikin ginshiki. Jimillar yanki na ginin ya fi 24,000 m2. Yawan wutar lantarki ya kai kimanin MW 7.5. Ginin gwajin ya ƙunshi firam ɗin gabaɗaya mara kyau da kuma wani sashe na waje, kowanne an gina shi akan tushe guda biyu da aka yanke. An shigar da injin da sauran tsarin haifar da girgizawa akan tushen da aka keɓe na girgiza, don haka girman tashin hankali da aka watsa zuwa tsarin laser ta hanyar tushe da tallafi yana raguwa zuwa ƙasa da 10-10 g2 / Hz a cikin kewayon mitar. 1-200 Hz. Bugu da ƙari, an kafa hanyar sadarwa na alamomin alamar geodesic a cikin zauren laser don kula da kullun ƙasa da kayan aiki.
Aikin na XCELS yana nufin ƙirƙirar babban wurin bincike na kimiyya dangane da manyan lasar wutar lantarki. Ɗaya daga cikin tashoshi na tsarin Laser na XCELS na iya ba da ƙarfin haske da aka mayar da hankali sau da yawa fiye da 1024 W/cm2, wanda za'a iya wuce shi da 1025 W/cm2 tare da fasahar matsawa. Ta hanyar karkatar da hankali na dipole daga tashoshi 12 a cikin tsarin laser, ana iya samun ƙarfi kusa da 1026 W/cm2 ko da ba tare da matsawa ba da kulle lokaci. Idan aikin aiki tare na lokaci tsakanin tashoshi yana kulle, ƙarfin hasken zai yi girma sau da yawa. Yin amfani da waɗannan ƙwaƙƙwaran bugun bugun jini mai rikodin rikodi da shimfidar katako na tashoshi da yawa, kayan aikin XCELS na gaba za su iya yin gwaje-gwaje tare da matuƙar ƙarfi, rarraba filin haske mai rikitarwa, da tantance ma'amala ta hanyar amfani da igiyoyin Laser na tashoshi da yawa da radiation na biyu. Wannan zai taka muhimmiyar rawa a fagen gwajin kimiyyar lissafi mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi na lantarki.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 26-2024