Kwanan nan, Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi Mai Amfani ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha ta gabatar da Cibiyar Nazarin Haske Mai Tsanani ta eXawatt (XCELS), wani shiri na bincike na manyan na'urorin kimiyya bisa ga ingancilasers masu ƙarfiAikin ya haɗa da gina wani gini mai matuƙar muhimmancilaser mai ƙarfibisa ga fasahar ƙara bugun zuciya mai siffar gani a cikin manyan lu'ulu'u na potassium dideuterium phosphate (DKDP, dabarar sinadarai KD2PO4), tare da jimlar fitarwa na bugun ƙarfin kololuwa 600 PW. Wannan aikin yana ba da cikakkun bayanai da binciken bincike game da aikin XCELS da tsarin laser ɗinsa, yana bayyana aikace-aikace da tasirin da ke tattare da hulɗar filin haske mai ƙarfi sosai.
An gabatar da shirin XCELS a shekarar 2011 da manufar farko ta cimma babban iko.laserFitar da bugun jini na PW 200, wanda a halin yanzu ake haɓaka shi zuwa PW 600.tsarin laserya dogara ne akan manyan fasahohi guda uku:
(1) Ana amfani da fasahar Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification (OPCPA) maimakon fasahar gargajiya ta Chirped Pulse Amplification (Chirped Pulse Amplification, OPCPA). CPA);
(2) Ta amfani da DKDP a matsayin matsakaicin riba, ana samun daidaiton matakin ultra wideband kusa da tsawon tsayin 910 nm;
(3) Ana amfani da babban laser na gilashin neodymium mai ƙarfin bugun jini na dubban joules don hura wani siginar amplifier mai siginar parametric.
Ana samun daidaiton lokaci mai faɗi da yawa a cikin lu'ulu'u da yawa kuma ana amfani da shi a cikin laser na OPCPA femtosecond. Ana amfani da lu'ulu'u na DKDP saboda su ne kawai kayan da ake samu a aikace waɗanda za a iya girma zuwa santimita goma na buɗewa kuma a lokaci guda suna da halaye masu kyau na gani don tallafawa haɓaka ƙarfin PW mai yawana'urorin laserAn gano cewa lokacin da aka hura lu'ulu'u na DKDP ta hanyar hasken mita biyu na laser ɗin gilashin ND, idan tsawon ƙarfin bugun da aka ƙara shi ne 910 nm, sharuɗɗa uku na farko na faɗaɗa Taylor na rashin daidaiton vector na raƙuman ruwa sune 0.
Siffa ta 1 tsari ne na tsarin laser na XCELS. Gaban gaba ya samar da bugun femtosecond mai tsayi tare da tsawon tsakiya na 910 nm (1.3 a Hoto na 1) da bugun nanosecond na 1054 nm da aka saka a cikin laser da aka tura ta OPCPA (1.1 da 1.2 a Hoto na 1). Gaban gaba kuma yana tabbatar da daidaitawar waɗannan bugun da kuma ma'aunin kuzari da ake buƙata da sigogin spatiotemporal. OPCPA mai matsakaici wanda ke aiki a mafi yawan maimaitawa (1 Hz) yana ƙara bugun da aka kunna zuwa goma na joules (2 a Hoto na 1). An ƙara ƙara bugun ta hanyar Booster OPCPA zuwa katakon kilojoule guda ɗaya kuma an raba shi zuwa ƙananan katako 12 iri ɗaya (4 a Hoto na 1). A cikin OPCPA na ƙarshe 12, kowanne daga cikin bugun haske mai tsayi 12 an ƙara shi zuwa matakin kilojoule (5 a Hoto na 1) sannan a matse shi da gratings 12 na matsewa (GC na 6 a Hoto na 1). Ana amfani da matatar watsawa ta acousto-optic a ƙarshen gaba don sarrafa daidai watsawar gudu ta rukuni da watsawar babban tsari, don samun mafi ƙarancin faɗin bugun jini da zai yiwu. Tsarin bugun jini yana da siffar kusan supergauss na tsari na 12, kuma bandwidth na spectral a 1% na matsakaicin ƙimar shine 150 nm, wanda ya yi daidai da faɗin bugun Fourier na 17 fs. Idan aka yi la'akari da diyya ta watsawa mara cikawa da wahalar diyya ta matakin da ba ta layi ba a cikin amplifiers na parametric, faɗin bugun da ake tsammani shine 20 fs.
Laser ɗin XCELS zai yi amfani da na'urori biyu masu ninka mitar laser na gilashin UFL-2M guda 8 (3 a Hoto na 1), waɗanda za a yi amfani da su ta hanyoyi 13 don yin famfo da Booster OPCPA da kuma OPCPA na ƙarshe guda 12. Sauran tashoshi uku za a yi amfani da su azaman nanosecond kilojoule mai zaman kansa.Majiyoyin Laserdon wasu gwaje-gwaje. Iyakance ta hanyar matakin rushewar gani na lu'ulu'u na DKDP, ƙarfin hasken da aka tura an saita shi zuwa 1.5 GW/cm2 ga kowane tasha kuma tsawon lokacin shine 3.5 ns.
Kowace tashar laser ta XCELS tana samar da bugun jini mai ƙarfin PW 50. Jimillar tashoshi 12 suna ba da jimlar ƙarfin fitarwa na PW 600. A cikin babban ɗakin da aka nufa, matsakaicin ƙarfin mayar da hankali na kowane tasha a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau shine 0.44×1025 W/cm2, idan aka ɗauka cewa ana amfani da abubuwan da aka nufa na F/1 don mayar da hankali. Idan an ƙara matse bugun kowane tasha zuwa 2.6 fs ta hanyar dabarar bayan matsewa, za a ƙara ƙarfin bugun fitarwa mai dacewa zuwa 230 PW, wanda ya yi daidai da ƙarfin hasken 2.0×1025 W/cm2.
Domin cimma ƙarin ƙarfin haske, a fitarwar PW 600, bugun hasken da ke cikin tashoshi 12 za a mayar da hankali a cikin yanayin radiation dipole mai juyawa, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 2. Lokacin da matakin bugun jini a kowane tasha bai kulle ba, ƙarfin mayar da hankali zai iya kaiwa 9×1025 W/cm2. Idan kowane matakin bugun jini an kulle shi kuma an daidaita shi, za a ƙara ƙarfin hasken da ke tattare da shi zuwa 3.2×1026 W/cm2. Baya ga babban ɗakin da aka nufa, aikin XCELS ya haɗa da dakunan gwaje-gwaje masu amfani har zuwa 10, kowannensu yana karɓar haske ɗaya ko fiye don gwaje-gwaje. Ta amfani da wannan filin haske mai ƙarfi sosai, aikin XCELS yana shirin gudanar da gwaje-gwaje a cikin rukuni huɗu: hanyoyin lantarki na kwantum a cikin filayen laser mai ƙarfi; Samarwa da hanzarta ƙwayoyin cuta; Samar da hasken lantarki na sakandare; ilmin taurari na dakin gwaje-gwaje, hanyoyin yawan kuzari mai yawa da binciken bincike.
FIG. 2 Tsarin lissafi mai mai da hankali a cikin babban ɗakin da aka nufa. Don haske, an saita madubin parabolic na katako 6 zuwa mai haske, kuma hasken shigarwa da fitarwa suna nuna tashoshi biyu kawai 1 da 7
Hoto na 3 yana nuna tsarin sarari na kowane yanki mai aiki na tsarin laser XCELS a cikin ginin gwaji. Wutar lantarki, famfunan injin, maganin ruwa, tsaftacewa da kwandishan suna cikin ginshiki. Jimillar yankin gini ya fi mita 24,000. Jimillar amfani da wutar lantarki shine kimanin MW 7.5. Ginin gwajin ya ƙunshi firam ɗin ciki mai rami da kuma sashe na waje, kowannensu an gina shi akan tushe biyu da aka haɗa. An sanya injin injin da sauran tsarin da ke haifar da girgiza a kan harsashin da aka keɓe da girgiza, don haka girman matsalar da aka watsa zuwa tsarin laser ta hanyar tushe da tallafi ya ragu zuwa ƙasa da 10-10 g2/Hz a cikin kewayon mita na 1-200 Hz. Bugu da ƙari, an kafa hanyar sadarwa ta alamun geodesic a cikin zauren laser don sa ido kan yadda ƙasa da kayan aiki ke tafiya cikin tsari.
Aikin XCELS yana da nufin ƙirƙirar babban cibiyar bincike ta kimiyya bisa ga laser mai ƙarfi mai matuƙar tsayi. Hanya ɗaya ta tsarin laser na XCELS na iya samar da ƙarfin haske mai mayar da hankali sau da yawa fiye da 1024 W/cm2, wanda za a iya ƙara wuce shi da 1025 W/cm2 tare da fasahar bayan matsewa. Ta hanyar bugun dipole-focusing daga tashoshi 12 a cikin tsarin laser, ana iya cimma ƙarfin da ke kusa da 1026 W/cm2 ko da ba tare da bayan matsewa da kulle lokaci ba. Idan an kulle daidaitawar lokaci tsakanin tashoshi, ƙarfin haske zai ninka sau da yawa. Ta amfani da waɗannan ƙarfin bugun jini mai karya rikodin da tsarin hasken tashoshi da yawa, cibiyar XCELS ta gaba za ta iya yin gwaje-gwaje tare da babban ƙarfi, rarraba filin haske mai rikitarwa, da kuma gano hulɗa ta amfani da hasken laser mai tashoshi da yawa da radiation na sakandare. Wannan zai taka rawa ta musamman a fagen kimiyyar gwaji ta filin lantarki mai ƙarfi sosai.
Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-26-2024