Siffofin halayen asali na siginar ganimasu daukar hoto:
Kafin nazarin daban-daban siffofin photodetectors, da halaye sigogi na aiki yi nasiginar gani na gani photodetectorsan taƙaita. Waɗannan halayen sun haɗa da amsawa, martani na gani, ƙarfin da ya dace da surutu (NEP), takamaiman ganowa, da takamaiman ganowa. D*), ƙimar ƙididdiga, da lokacin amsawa.
1. Responsivity Rd ana amfani da shi don siffata ji na mayar da martani na na'urar zuwa na gani radiation makamashi. Ana wakilta ta da rabon siginar fitarwa zuwa siginar aukuwa. Wannan siffa ba ta nuna halayen amo na na'urar ba, amma kawai ingancin canza makamashin hasken lantarki zuwa halin yanzu ko ƙarfin lantarki. Don haka, yana iya bambanta tare da tsawon siginar hasken abin da ya faru. Bugu da ƙari, halayen amsawar wutar lantarki kuma aiki ne na nuna son kai da zafin yanayi.
2. Siffar amsawar bakan gizo ita ce ma'auni wanda ke nuna alaƙa tsakanin halayen amsawar wutar lantarki na mai gano siginar gani da aikin tsayin daka na siginar gani na abin da ya faru. Siffofin amsawa na gani na masu gano siginar siginar gani a tsawon zango daban-daban yawanci ana kwatanta su da adadi ta “hannun martani na bakan”. Ya kamata a lura cewa kawai mafi girman halayen amsawa a cikin lanƙwasa ana daidaita su ta cikakkiyar ƙima, kuma sauran halayen amsawa na sifofi daban-daban ana bayyana su ta hanyar daidaitattun ƙimar dangi dangane da ƙimar mafi girman halayen halayen amsawa.
3. Ƙarfin da ya yi daidai da amo shine ƙarfin siginar hasken da ya faru da ake buƙata lokacin da wutar lantarkin siginar fitarwa da na'urar gano siginar gani ya yi daidai da ainihin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarar na'urar kanta. Babban abin da ke ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin siginar gani wanda za a iya auna shi ta hanyar gano siginar gani, wato, ganewar ganewa.
4. Ƙwarewar ganowa ta musamman siga ce ta siffa wacce ke siffata abubuwan da suka dace na kayan aikin mai gano hotuna. Yana wakiltar mafi ƙarancin abin da ya faru na halin yanzu na photon wanda za'a iya auna shi ta hanyar gano siginar gani. Ƙimar sa na iya bambanta bisa ga yanayin aiki na mai gano tsawon zango na siginar haske da aka auna (kamar yanayin yanayi, son zuciya, da sauransu). Girman bandwidth mai ganowa, mafi girman wurin gano siginar gani, ƙaramin ƙarar ƙarfin ƙarfin NEP, kuma mafi girman ƙwarewar ganowa. Mafi girman ƙayyadaddun ƙwarewar gano mai ganowa yana nufin ya dace da gano siginar gani mara ƙarfi.
5. Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙididdigewa Q wani muhimmin ma'aunin sifa ne na mai gano siginar gani. An bayyana shi azaman rabon adadin adadin “masu amsa” da photomon ya samar a cikin na’urar ganowa zuwa adadin abubuwan da suka faru na photon a saman abubuwan da ke ɗaukar hotuna. Misali, ga na'urorin gano siginar haske da ke aiki akan fiddawar photon, ingancin quantum shine rabon adadin photoelectrons da ke fitowa daga saman abubuwan da ke haskakawa zuwa adadin photon na siginar da aka auna akan saman. A cikin na'urar gano siginar gani ta amfani da pn junction semiconductor abu azaman abu mai ɗaukar hoto, ana ƙididdige ƙimar ƙimar mai ganowa ta hanyar rarraba adadin ramin electron ɗin da aka ƙirƙira ta siginar haske da aka auna ta adadin photon siginar abin da ya faru. Wani wakilcin gama gari na ƙimar ƙimar siginar gani na gani shine ta hanyar amsawar mai ganowa Rd.
6. Lokacin amsawa shine ma'auni mai mahimmanci don kwatanta saurin amsawa na mai gano siginar gani zuwa girman canjin siginar haske da aka auna. Lokacin da aka daidaita siginar hasken da aka auna a cikin nau'in bugun jini mai haske, ƙarfin siginar wutar lantarki da ke haifar da aikinta akan mai ganowa yana buƙatar "tashi" zuwa "kololuwar" daidai bayan wani lokacin amsawa, kuma daga " kololuwa" sannan kuma komawa zuwa farkon "kimar sifili" daidai da aikin bugun bugun haske. Domin bayyana martanin mai ganowa ga tsananin canjin siginar hasken da aka auna, lokacin da ƙarfin siginar wutar lantarki da ke haifar da bugun bugun da ya faru ya tashi daga mafi girman darajarsa na 10% zuwa 90% ana kiransa “tashi. lokaci”, kuma lokacin da siginar siginar bugun jini ya faɗi daga mafi girman ƙimarsa na 90% zuwa 10% ana kiransa “lokacin faɗuwa” ko “lokacin lalata”.
7. Sashin amsawa wani muhimmin ma'auni ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke nuna alaƙar aiki tsakanin amsawar na'urar gano siginar gani da ƙarfin abin da aka auna siginar haske. Yana buƙatar fitarwa namai gano siginar ganidon zama daidai a cikin wani takamaiman kewayon ƙarfin da aka auna siginar gani. Yawancin lokaci ana bayyana cewa karkacewar kaso daga layin shigarwa-fitarwa a cikin kewayon kewayon ƙayyadaddun kewayon ƙarfin siginar shigarwar shine layin amsa na mai gano siginar gani.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-12-2024