Kwayoyin bugun jini na biyu suna bayyana sirrin jinkirin lokaci

Attosecond bugun jinibayyana sirrin jinkirin lokaci
Masana kimiyya a Amurka, tare da taimakon bugun jini na biyu, sun bayyana sabbin bayanai game da cutarphotoelectric sakamako: daphotoelectric watsijinkiri ya kai 700 attose seconds, fiye da yadda ake tsammani a baya. Wannan sabon bincike yana ƙalubalantar ƙirar ƙa'idar da ake da ita kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga zurfin fahimtar hulɗar da ke tsakanin electrons, wanda ke haifar da haɓaka fasahohi kamar semiconductor da ƙwayoyin rana.
Tasirin photoelectric yana nufin abin da ke faruwa cewa idan haske ya haskaka a kan kwayoyin halitta ko atom a saman karfe, photon yana hulɗa da kwayoyin halitta ko atom kuma ya saki electrons. Wannan tasirin ba wai ɗaya daga cikin mahimman tushe na injiniyoyin ƙididdiga ba ne, har ma yana da tasiri mai zurfi akan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi, sinadarai da kimiyyar kayan zamani. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan filin, abin da ake kira lokacin jinkiri na photoemission ya kasance batu mai rikitarwa, kuma nau'o'in ka'idoji daban-daban sun bayyana shi zuwa digiri daban-daban, amma ba a samar da wata yarjejeniya guda ɗaya ba.
Kamar yadda fannin kimiyyar attosecond ya inganta sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wannan kayan aiki da ke fitowa yana ba da wata hanya da ba a taɓa ganin irin ta ba don bincika ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Ta hanyar auna daidai abubuwan da ke faruwa akan ma'auni na ɗan gajeren lokaci, masu bincike suna iya samun ƙarin bayani game da ƙarfin hali na barbashi. A cikin sabon binciken, sun yi amfani da nau'ikan bugun jini mai ƙarfi na X-ray da aka samar da ingantaccen haske a Cibiyar Stanford Linac (SLAC), wanda ya wuce biliyan biliyan kawai na daƙiƙa (attosecond), don ionize ainihin electrons kuma "kora" daga cikin kwayoyin zumudi.
Don ƙarin nazarin yanayin waɗannan electrons da aka saki, sun yi amfani da su daban-dabanLaser bugun jinidon auna lokutan fitar da electrons a wurare daban-daban. Wannan hanya ta ba su damar ƙididdige bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin lokuta daban-daban da suka haifar da hulɗar tsakanin electrons, yana mai tabbatar da cewa jinkirin zai iya kaiwa 700 attose seconds. Yana da kyau a lura cewa wannan binciken ba wai kawai ya inganta wasu hasashe na baya ba, har ma yana haifar da sabbin tambayoyi, yin ka'idodin da suka dace suna buƙatar sake yin nazari da sake duba su.
Bugu da ƙari, binciken ya nuna mahimmancin aunawa da fassarar waɗannan jinkirin lokaci, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don fahimtar sakamakon gwaji. A cikin furotin crystallography, hoton likita, da sauran aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci da suka shafi hulɗar hasken X-ray tare da kwayoyin halitta, waɗannan bayanan za su zama muhimmiyar mahimmanci don inganta hanyoyin fasaha da inganta ingancin hoto. Sabili da haka, ƙungiyar ta yi shirin ci gaba da yin la'akari da yanayin lantarki na nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta daban-daban don bayyana sabbin bayanai game da halayen lantarki a cikin mafi rikitarwa tsarin da dangantakar su da tsarin kwayoyin halitta, da aza harsashin bayanai mai mahimmanci don bunkasa fasahar da ke da alaƙa. zuwa gaba.